Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Ch. 10 - Cardiovascular System Study Guide/Abbreviations > Flashcards

Ch. 10 - Cardiovascular System Study Guide/Abbreviations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 3 major functions of the cardiovascular system

A

deliver oxygen and nutrients
transports wastes to designated organs
raise blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 3 heart coverings

A

endocardium - inner lining
myocardium - muscle layer
epicardium - outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

double membranous sac that encloses the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between parietal and visceral pericardium?

A

parietal is towards the thoracic cavity

visceral is on the inner surface of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The top of the heart is called the. . .

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The bottom of the heart is called the . . .

A

apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The left atrium . . .

A

receives O2-rich blood from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The left ventricle . . .

A

pumps O2-rich blood to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The right atrium . . .

A

receives O2-poor blood from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The right ventricle . . .

A

pumps O2-poor blood back to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The septum . . .

A

separates right and left sides of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The mitral (bicuspid) valve . . .

A

separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The aortic valve . . .

A

opens to allow O2 blood out to the body through the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The tricuspid valve . . .

A

separates the right atrium and right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The pulmonary valve . . .

A

opens to allow deoxygenated blood to go back to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between mitral and tricuspid valves?

A 
mitral = 2 flaps
tricuspid = 3 flaps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the small flaps of the heart valves called?

A

cusps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the 2 categories of valves:

A

atrioventricular (AV)

semilunar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves . . .

A

separate the atria and ventricles (mitral/tricuspid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Semilunar valves . . .

A

have 3 cusps (aortic/pulmonary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The pacemaker of the heart (SA node) . . .

A

sends impulses to the AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What fibers fan out around the ventricles

A

purkinje

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name 3 characteristics of an artery

A

very thick-walled to withstand pressure
big
carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name 3 characteristics of an arteriole

A

smaller than an artery
thinner-walled
carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 2 characteristics of a capillary

A

very tiny

gas exchange occurs here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name 3 characteristics of a venule

A

small veins
have valves
carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are 2 characteristics of a vein

A

have valves

carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Systole is . . .

SIS-toh-lee

A

ventricles contract (forcing blood out of the heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Diastole is . . .

dye-ASS-toh-lee

A

ventricles relax (allowing heart to fill with blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

systolic pressure . . .

A

maximum pressure is reached in the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

diastolic pressure . . .

A

minimum pressure is reached in the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

bradycardia . . .

A

slow heartbeat

34
Q

tachycardia . . .

A

fast heartbeat

35
Q

ischemia . . .

A

decreased blood supply of oxygenated blood

mainly caused from arterial narrowing

36
Q

Necrosis: death of one or more cells which . . .

A

causes irreversible damage

37
Q

define aneurysm

A

dilation of an artery due to weakness

the weakened area balloons out

38
Q

define embolism

A

obstruction/occlusion

clot that is stuck

39
Q

arteriosclerosis is . . .

A

hardening of an artery

40
Q

angina pectoris . . .

A

severe chest pain

usually radiates to the left shoulder and arm

41
Q

myocardial infarction (MI) . . .

A

heart attack

clogging of coronary arteries

42
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP) . . .

A

drooping of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular systole
(When the heart is pumping blood)

43
Q

claudication . . .

A

cramp-like pains in the calves

poor circulation to the leg muscles

44
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

intermittent attacks of vasoconstriction of the arterioles

generally showing in the fingers/toes

45
Q

bruit . . .

A

abnormal sound or murmur

46
Q

malaise . . .

A

vague feeling of body weakness or fatigue

often indicating onset of illness or disease

47
Q

orthopnea . . .

A

need to stand up or sit up straight to breath comfortably

48
Q

dyspnea . . .

A

difficulty breathing

49
Q

pitting edema . . .

A

swelling of the extremities causing a dent in the skin when depressed

50
Q

What is precordial chest pain?

A

in front of the sternum
similar to angina pectoris
not severe

51
Q

lumen is . . .

A

the space within a blood vessel

52
Q

hepatomegaly . . .

A

enlargement of the liver

53
Q

hepatosplenomegaly . . .

A

enlargement of the liver and spleen

54
Q

organomegaly . . .

A

enlargement of an organ

55
Q

hypertension -

A

high bp

56
Q

hypotension -

A

low bp

57
Q

fibrillation (atrial and ventricular) -

A

incomplete contraction of the heart

either in the atria/atrium or ventricles/ventricle

58
Q

ejection fraction is . . .

A

% of blood the left ventricle expels testing heart function

59
Q

ascites is a collection of . . .

A

fluid in the peritoneal cavity (abdomen)

60
Q

anomaly =

A

abnormality

61
Q

coronary arteries . . .

A

branch from the aorta

supply O2 blood to the heart

62
Q

Homan’s sign . . .

A

pain in the calf or behind the knee (popliteal area) when dorsiflexing the foot
indicates thrombophlebitis

63
Q

mediastinum is the area in the chest that . . .

A

contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchi

64
Q

vegetation is . . .

A

abnormal growth of tissue around a valve

65
Q

angiography . . .

A

injection of dye into blood vessels for x-ray

66
Q

angioplasty . . .

A

surgical repair of blood vessels

67
Q

cardiac catheterization . . .

A

catheter inserted into large vein or artery (arm/leg) and threaded to the heart.
determines extent of occlusion

68
Q

echocardiogram . . .

A

ultrasound

study the structure and motion of the heart

69
Q

electrocardiogram . . .

A

measures the electrical activity of the heart

waveforms determine how the heart is functioning

70
Q

coronary artery bypass graft . . .

A

bypassing narrowed or severely blocked arteries

71
Q

BBB

A

bundle branch block

72
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

73
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

74
Q

DVT

A

deep venous thrombosis

75
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

76
Q

DOE

A

dyspnea on exertion

77
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

78
Q

JVD

A

jugular venous distention

79
Q

PMI

A

point of maximal impulse

80
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions