Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medical terminology > Ch. 9 - Blood and Lymphatic Systems Study Guide/Abbreviations > Flashcards

Ch. 9 - Blood and Lymphatic Systems Study Guide/Abbreviations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Blood is made up of __________ and _________ (formed elements) suspended in _______________ (liquid portion).

A

blood cells
platelets
plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The 4 functions of blood:

A

transport materials
regulates pH
prevents excessive blood loss
fights infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define viscosity

A

thickness of a fluid compared with water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All blood cells are . . .

A

formed by cells in the red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name the process of RBC formation

A

hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The 3 main types of blood cells:

A

red blood cells (RBCs) - erythrocytes
white blood cells (WBCs) - leukocytes
platelets - thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 3 characteristics of RBCs

A

tiny, biconcave disks that transport oxygen
no nuclei
contain hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hemoglobin is composed of these 2 parts:

A

heme - iron containing pigment

globin - a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hemoglobin transports oxygen and helps get rid of :

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the average lifespan of RBCs

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 5 types of WBCs

A 
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 2 characteristics of WBCs

A

colorless

have to be stained to distinguish from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WBCs are also characterized by the . . .

A

shape of their nucleus
presence or absence of granules
size of the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the 2 categories of WBCs

A

granulocytes (with granules)

agranulocytes (without granules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the 3 granulocytes:

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 characteristics of neutrophils

A

most abundant leukocyte
nucleus with 2-5 lobes
lavender-staining granules in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

neutrophils are also the 1st to respond to . . .

A

tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

phagocytosis:

A

engulf bacteria and debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name 3 characteristics of eosinophils

A

bilobed nucleus
red-staining granules in cytoplasm
destroy parasitic worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

eosinophils also reduce inflammation by . . .

A

neutralizing histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eosinophil #’s increase dramatically during . . .

A

allergic reaction

parasitic worm infestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name 2 characteristics of basophils

A

least numerous

blue-staining granules in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When tissues are damaged and in allergic reaction, basophils release . . .

A

histamine

heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

histamine does what -

A

dilates blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

heparin does what -

A

inhibits clot formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name 2 granulocytes

A

lymphocytes

monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name 3 characteristics of lymphocytes

A

found in lymph tissue
smallest WBC
round nucleus with little cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Some lymphocytes are __________ and attack bacteria and viruses (T cells)

A

phagocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Some lymphocytes ________________ (B cells)

A

produce antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Lymphocytes have an active role in _____________

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Name 2 characteristics of thrombocytes (platelets)

A

small disc-shaped fragments of very large cells called megakaryocytes
no hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Platelets are essential for the normal . . .

A

clotting (coagulation) of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The average platelet count ranges from:

A

250,000 to 500,000 per cubic milliliter of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is plasma?

A

straw-colored fluid of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Name 2 characteristics of plasma

A

produced in the liver

over 90% water (the rest are solutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The most abundant solutes are. . .

A

protein solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Name 3 major groups of plasma proteins

A

albumin
globulins
fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does albumin do?

A

maintains normal blood pressure and blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the 3 types of globulins?

A

alpha
beta
gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In what does fibrinogen play a vital role?

A

coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Blood types are determined by the . . .

A

presence or absence of antigens on the membranes of RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Name the 4 blood types

A

A, B, AB, O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Blood types are based on the presence or absence of

A

antigen A or antigen B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Blood transfusions must be made using only . . .

A

compatible blood types

45
Q

Transfused RBCs ________________________

that reacts with the antibodies of the recipient’s blood.

A

must not have an antigen

46
Q

If the wrong blood type is transfused, the introduced ___________, will be recognized as foreign and attacked by _________________.

A

antigen

antibodies

47
Q

When the wrong blood type is transfused, this causes the RBCs to ______________ and plug small blood vessels, depriving tissues of _____________ and __________ which can be fatal.

A

clump together
nutrients
oxygen

48
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Stoppage of bleeding

49
Q

3 processes of hemostasis

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting

50
Q

albumin

A

plasma protein

helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume

51
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life threatening reaction to an antigen

52
Q

anisocytosis

A

inequality of RBC size

53
Q

antibodies

A

produced in response to pathogens

54
Q

antigens

A

usually a protein that causes formation of an antibody

55
Q

basophil

A

granulocytic WBC, granules stain blue

56
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment of bile formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin

57
Q

coagulation

A

clotting of blood

58
Q

eosinophil

A

granulocytic
bilobed WBC
red-staining granules

59
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma proteins

clots blood

60
Q

hemoglobin

A

complex protein-iron compound that carries oxygen

61
Q

septicemia

A

systemic infection from pathogens in blood

62
Q

hemorrhage

A

loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time

63
Q

heparin

A

anti-clotting factor

64
Q

leukocyte

A

WBC

65
Q

monocyte

A

agranulocyte
largest WBC
u-shaped nucleus

66
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocyte
nucleus 2-5 lobes
granules stain lavender

67
Q

poikilocyosis

A

irregular-shaped RBCs

68
Q

platelet

A

thrombocyte - clotting cell

69
Q

thrombus

A

clot

70
Q

pancytopenia

A

reduction in all types of blood cells

71
Q

anemia is . . .

A

decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

most common blood disorder

72
Q

Characteristics of sickle-cell anemia

A

abnormal RBCs shaped like a sickle
inherited
usually in people of African descent

73
Q

leukemia is . . .

A

a group of cancers of the red bone marrow cells that form WBCs
excess production of WBCs

74
Q

treatment for leukemia . . .

A

chemotherapy

bone marrow transplant from a compatible donor

75
Q

polycythemia vera characteristics

A

abnormal increase in RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes

blood becomes very thick - viscous

76
Q

multiple myeloma characteristics

A

malignant plasma cell neoplasm

too many plasma cells that replace bone marrow and destroy bone

77
Q

Coomb’s test

A

blood test on Rh- women to detect the presence of antibodies for Rh incompatibility

78
Q

hematocrit (Hct) testing

A

% of RBCs

79
Q

hemoglobin (Hgb) tests

A

oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

part of CBC

80
Q

The immune system consists of:

A 
bone marrow
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic vessels
81
Q

Immunity is a state of being . . .

A

resistant to or protected from a disease

82
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

lymphatic tissue

83
Q

Where are lymph nodes located?

A

cervical
submandibular
axillary
inguinal – regions

84
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

near the mediastinum (middle of chest)

85
Q

The thymus secretes a hormone . . .

A

thymosin

86
Q

What does thymosin do?

A

stimulates red bone marrow cells to produce T-cells

87
Q

List 5 characteristics of the spleen

A 
located in the LUQ
largest lymphatic organ
filters blood
stores blood
produces lymphocytes
88
Q

Tonsils are the first line of defense against _________ entering through the ____________________.

A

pathogens

nose or mouth

89
Q

Define lymphoma

A

lymphoid tissue neoplasm (abnormal tissue) that is typically malignant

90
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma characteristics

A

malignant neoplasm in the jaw

seen chiefly in Central Africa

91
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma characteristics

A

progressive, painless enlargement of a malignant tumor
typically noted first in the cervical region
males affected twice as often as females

92
Q

mononucleosis characteristics

A

caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
benign, acute infection of B cells
lasts 1-3 weeks
causes splenomegaly

93
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

94
Q

eos

A

eosinophils

95
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

96
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

97
Q

HDL

A

high-density lipoprotein

98
Q

LDL

A

low-density lipoprotein

99
Q

lymph

A

lymphocytes

100
Q

mono

A

monocytes

101
Q

poly

A

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

102
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

103
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

104
Q

segs

A

segmented neutrophils

105
Q

CMV

A

cytomegalovirus

106
Q

EBV

A

Epstein-Barr virus

107
Q

neutrophils are also known as . . .

A

segs or polys

108
Q

Bands are ___________ neutrophils

A

immature

medical terminology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions