Ch. 5 - Integumentary System Study Guide Flashcards
What is included in the integumentary system?
skin, hair, nails, glands
List the 5 functions of the integumentary system:
- Protection - from pathogens
- Regulate body temperature - blood vessels dilate/constrict
- Sensory receptors - nerves
- Excretion - elimination of body wastes - sweat
- Synthesis of Vitamin D - sunlight
study of skin
dermatology
What are the 2 layers of skin?
epidermis and dermis
Differences between epidermis and dermis:
epidermis: outer layer, no blood or nerve supply
dermis: inner, thicker layer under the epidermis
Under dermis, contains loose connective tissue (CT) and adipose (fat) tissue
hypodermis
Name 3 accessory structures:
hair, nails, glands
How does hair get its color?
Melanin produced by melanocytes
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of skin/nails
indicates decrease in oxygenation
What are three types of glands found in the skin?
sudoriferous glands
sebaceous glands
ceruminous glands
sudoriferous glands
found on almost all of the body surface
cools the body by evaporation and elimination of sweat products.
clear fluid, odorless
sweat
sebaceous glands
secretes sebum (oil), lubricates hair, keeps skin soft
ceruminous glands
produces cerumen (earwax)
a localized collection of pus
abscess
bluish-black discoloration of the skin
ecchymosis (bruise)
scraping or rubbing away skin or mucous membrane because of friction
abrasion
crack-like groove in the skin or mucous membrane
fissure
injury without a break in the skin
contusion
small, pinpoint hemorrhages
petechia
small, stalk-like growth that protrudes outward from a mucous membrane
polyp
skin tags
small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowths of the skin, often on the neck
oily secretion of a sebaceous gland
cebum (oil)
pruritus
itching
small, thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid
vesicle (blister)
tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, producing a very offensive foul odor
gangrene
acute infection of the skin, hot, deep redness, pain, and swelling
cellulitis
a tear in the skin
laceration
absence of a pigment in the skin, hair and eyes
albinism
partial or complete loss of hair
alopecia
patches of white skin
vitiligo
benign mass of blood vessels
hemangioma
acne vulgaris
severe inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back, and neck
(papules, pustules, and comedos (blackhead/whitehead)
burn degree is classified by depth of
injury
superficial (epidermis) burn
1st degree burn
partial thickness burn
2nd degree burn
full thickness (subcutaneous/muscle)
3rd degree burn
bone (burn)
4th degree burn
carcinoma
skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
elevated nodule with a depression in the center
most common in areas exposed to the sun
rarely metastasize
tend to recur
squamous cell carcinoma
malignancy of squamous cells faster growing than basal cell potential for metastasis if not treated firm, flesh-colored or red papule sometimes with a crusted appearance tend to recur
malignant melanoma
tumor from melanocytes in pre-existing nevi or freckles
irregular surface and borders, variable colors
usually on the trunk in men and legs in women
darkly pigmented cancerous tumor
greater than 6 mm should be removed
shingles
herpes zoster acute viral infection painful vesicles on the skin follows along the nerve pathway symptoms: severe pain, burning, itching, headache, tiredness
impetigo
contagious bacterial infection
usually around the mouth and nose
Kaposi’s sarcoma
most often in men
associated with AIDS
rare malignant lesions
soft, purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet that spread throughout the skin
leukoplakia
3% develop into cancerous lesions
caused from irritants
white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to mucous membranes
tobacco smoke or friction by a rough tooth or dentures
psoriasis
white scales over raised red plaques
causes pruritus (itching)
common, noninfectious skin disorder
topical medication/UV light therapy
scabies
caused by the "human itch mite" parasitic infestation highly contagious resulting in a rash and pruritus found in genital area, arm pits, waistline, hands and breasts
decubitus ulcer (bedsore)
loss of blood supply = ischemia = necrosis
onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nails
verruca (wart) benign (Plantar)
caused by HPV human papillomavirus
eczema
red, itchy skin
not infectious
caused by an allergic reaction
keloid
large, elevated scar formed by collagen
pilonidal cyst
cyst in the sacrococcygeal area
asymptomatic unless infected I&D (incision/drainage)
how are specific allergens identified
intradermal injections, patch testing and scratch tests
a noninvasive treatment for skin cancer using liquid nitrogen that freezes and destroys tissue
cryosurgery
removal of debris, foreign objects, and necrotic tissue
prevents infection and promotes healing
debridement
skin biopsy
removal of a piece of tissue from skin lesions for microscopic examination
curettage
scraping away abnormal tissue
electrodesiccation (fulgeration)
electrical current used to destroy superficial lesions
adip/o
fat
albin/o
white
caut/o
burn
cutane/o
skin
derm/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
-edema
swelling
erythr/o
red
fasci/o
band of fibrous tissue
hidr/o
sweat
hist/o
tissue
histi/o
tissue
ichthy/o
fish
kerat/o
hard/horny
cornea
leuk/o
white
lip/o
fat
melan/o
black
myc/o
fungus
necr/o
death
onych/o
nails
pil/o
hair
scler/o
hard
sclera of the eye
squam/o
scales
trich/o
hair
xanth/o
yellow
xer/o
dryness
Bx, bx
biopsy
decub.
decubitus ulcer; pressure sore
DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
EAHF
eczema, asthma, and hay fever
FANA
fluorescent antinuclear antibody
FS
frozen section
ID
intradermal
I&D
incision and drainage
LE
(systemic) lupus erythematosus
PPD
purified protein derivative
PSS
progressive systemic scleroderma
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
subq.
subcutaneous
TENS
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
ung.
ointment
UV
ultraviolet (light)
XP, XDP
xeroderma pigmentosum
