Ch. 5 - Integumentary System Study Guide Flashcards by Marybeth Shelton

What is included in the integumentary system?

skin, hair, nails, glands

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List the 5 functions of the integumentary system:

Protection - from pathogens
Regulate body temperature - blood vessels dilate/constrict
Sensory receptors - nerves
Excretion - elimination of body wastes - sweat
Synthesis of Vitamin D - sunlight

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study of skin

dermatology

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What are the 2 layers of skin?

epidermis and dermis

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Differences between epidermis and dermis:

epidermis: outer layer, no blood or nerve supply
dermis: inner, thicker layer under the epidermis

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Under dermis, contains loose connective tissue (CT) and adipose (fat) tissue

hypodermis

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Name 3 accessory structures:

hair, nails, glands

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How does hair get its color?

Melanin produced by melanocytes

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cyanosis

bluish discoloration of skin/nails

indicates decrease in oxygenation

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What are three types of glands found in the skin?

sudoriferous glands
sebaceous glands
ceruminous glands

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sudoriferous glands

found on almost all of the body surface

cools the body by evaporation and elimination of sweat products.

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clear fluid, odorless

sweat

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sebaceous glands

secretes sebum (oil), lubricates hair, keeps skin soft

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ceruminous glands

produces cerumen (earwax)

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a localized collection of pus

abscess

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bluish-black discoloration of the skin

ecchymosis (bruise)

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scraping or rubbing away skin or mucous membrane because of friction

abrasion

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crack-like groove in the skin or mucous membrane

fissure

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injury without a break in the skin

contusion

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small, pinpoint hemorrhages

petechia

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small, stalk-like growth that protrudes outward from a mucous membrane

polyp

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skin tags

small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowths of the skin, often on the neck

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oily secretion of a sebaceous gland

cebum (oil)

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pruritus

itching

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small, thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid

vesicle (blister)

tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, producing a very offensive foul odor

gangrene

acute infection of the skin, hot, deep redness, pain, and swelling

cellulitis

a tear in the skin

laceration

absence of a pigment in the skin, hair and eyes

albinism

partial or complete loss of hair

alopecia

patches of white skin

vitiligo

benign mass of blood vessels

hemangioma

acne vulgaris

severe inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back, and neck (papules, pustules, and comedos (blackhead/whitehead)

burn degree is classified by depth of

injury

superficial (epidermis) burn

1st degree burn

partial thickness burn

2nd degree burn

full thickness (subcutaneous/muscle)

3rd degree burn

bone (burn)

4th degree burn

carcinoma

skin cancer

basal cell carcinoma

elevated nodule with a depression in the center most common in areas exposed to the sun rarely metastasize tend to recur

squamous cell carcinoma

``` malignancy of squamous cells faster growing than basal cell potential for metastasis if not treated firm, flesh-colored or red papule sometimes with a crusted appearance tend to recur ```

malignant melanoma

tumor from melanocytes in pre-existing nevi or freckles irregular surface and borders, variable colors usually on the trunk in men and legs in women darkly pigmented cancerous tumor greater than 6 mm should be removed

shingles

``` herpes zoster acute viral infection painful vesicles on the skin follows along the nerve pathway symptoms: severe pain, burning, itching, headache, tiredness ```

impetigo

contagious bacterial infection | usually around the mouth and nose

Kaposi's sarcoma

most often in men associated with AIDS rare malignant lesions soft, purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet that spread throughout the skin

leukoplakia

3% develop into cancerous lesions caused from irritants white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to mucous membranes tobacco smoke or friction by a rough tooth or dentures

psoriasis

white scales over raised red plaques causes pruritus (itching) common, noninfectious skin disorder topical medication/UV light therapy

scabies

``` caused by the "human itch mite" parasitic infestation highly contagious resulting in a rash and pruritus found in genital area, arm pits, waistline, hands and breasts ```

decubitus ulcer (bedsore)

loss of blood supply = ischemia = necrosis

onychomycosis

fungal infection of the nails

verruca (wart) benign (Plantar)

caused by HPV human papillomavirus

eczema

red, itchy skin not infectious caused by an allergic reaction

keloid

large, elevated scar formed by collagen

pilonidal cyst

cyst in the sacrococcygeal area | asymptomatic unless infected I&D (incision/drainage)

how are specific allergens identified

intradermal injections, patch testing and scratch tests

a noninvasive treatment for skin cancer using liquid nitrogen that freezes and destroys tissue

cryosurgery

removal of debris, foreign objects, and necrotic tissue | prevents infection and promotes healing

debridement

skin biopsy

removal of a piece of tissue from skin lesions for microscopic examination

curettage

scraping away abnormal tissue

electrodesiccation (fulgeration)

electrical current used to destroy superficial lesions

adip/o

fat

albin/o

white

caut/o

burn

cutane/o

skin

derm/o

skin

dermat/o

skin

-edema

swelling

erythr/o

red

fasci/o

band of fibrous tissue

hidr/o

sweat

hist/o

tissue

histi/o

tissue

ichthy/o

fish

kerat/o

hard/horny | cornea

leuk/o

white

lip/o

fat

melan/o

black

myc/o

fungus

necr/o

death

onych/o

nails

pil/o

hair

scler/o

hard | sclera of the eye

squam/o

scales

trich/o

hair

xanth/o

yellow

xer/o

dryness

Bx, bx

biopsy

decub.

decubitus ulcer; pressure sore

DLE

discoid lupus erythematosus

EAHF

eczema, asthma, and hay fever

FANA

fluorescent antinuclear antibody

frozen section

intradermal

I&D

incision and drainage

(systemic) lupus erythematosus

PPD

purified protein derivative

PSS

progressive systemic scleroderma

SLE

systemic lupus erythematosus

subq.

subcutaneous

TENS

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

ung.

ointment

ultraviolet (light)

XP, XDP

xeroderma pigmentosum