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Medical Terminology > Ch. 5 - Integumentary System Study Guide > Flashcards

Ch. 5 - Integumentary System Study Guide Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is included in the integumentary system?

A

skin, hair, nails, glands

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2
Q

List the 5 functions of the integumentary system:

A
  1. Protection - from pathogens
  2. Regulate body temperature - blood vessels dilate/constrict
  3. Sensory receptors - nerves
  4. Excretion - elimination of body wastes - sweat
  5. Synthesis of Vitamin D - sunlight
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3
Q

study of skin

A

dermatology

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4
Q

What are the 2 layers of skin?

A

epidermis and dermis

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5
Q

Differences between epidermis and dermis:

A

epidermis: outer layer, no blood or nerve supply
dermis: inner, thicker layer under the epidermis

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6
Q

Under dermis, contains loose connective tissue (CT) and adipose (fat) tissue

A

hypodermis

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7
Q

Name 3 accessory structures:

A

hair, nails, glands

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8
Q

How does hair get its color?

A

Melanin produced by melanocytes

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9
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of skin/nails

indicates decrease in oxygenation

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10
Q

What are three types of glands found in the skin?

A

sudoriferous glands
sebaceous glands
ceruminous glands

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11
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

found on almost all of the body surface

cools the body by evaporation and elimination of sweat products.

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12
Q

clear fluid, odorless

A

sweat

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13
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secretes sebum (oil), lubricates hair, keeps skin soft

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14
Q

ceruminous glands

A

produces cerumen (earwax)

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15
Q

a localized collection of pus

A

abscess

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16
Q

bluish-black discoloration of the skin

A

ecchymosis (bruise)

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17
Q

scraping or rubbing away skin or mucous membrane because of friction

A

abrasion

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18
Q

crack-like groove in the skin or mucous membrane

A

fissure

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19
Q

injury without a break in the skin

A

contusion

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20
Q

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

A

petechia

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21
Q

small, stalk-like growth that protrudes outward from a mucous membrane

A

polyp

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22
Q

skin tags

A

small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowths of the skin, often on the neck

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23
Q

oily secretion of a sebaceous gland

A

cebum (oil)

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24
Q

pruritus

A

itching

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25
Q

small, thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid

A

vesicle (blister)

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26
Q

tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, producing a very offensive foul odor

A

gangrene

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27
Q

acute infection of the skin, hot, deep redness, pain, and swelling

A

cellulitis

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28
Q

a tear in the skin

A

laceration

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29
Q

absence of a pigment in the skin, hair and eyes

A

albinism

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30
Q

partial or complete loss of hair

A

alopecia

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31
Q

patches of white skin

A

vitiligo

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32
Q

benign mass of blood vessels

A

hemangioma

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33
Q

acne vulgaris

A

severe inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back, and neck
(papules, pustules, and comedos (blackhead/whitehead)

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34
Q

burn degree is classified by depth of

A

injury

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35
Q

superficial (epidermis) burn

A

1st degree burn

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36
Q

partial thickness burn

A

2nd degree burn

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37
Q

full thickness (subcutaneous/muscle)

A

3rd degree burn

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38
Q

bone (burn)

A

4th degree burn

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39
Q

carcinoma

A

skin cancer

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40
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

elevated nodule with a depression in the center
most common in areas exposed to the sun
rarely metastasize
tend to recur

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41
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A 
malignancy of squamous cells
faster growing than basal cell
potential for metastasis if not treated
firm, flesh-colored or red papule
sometimes with a crusted appearance 
tend to recur
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42
Q

malignant melanoma

A

tumor from melanocytes in pre-existing nevi or freckles
irregular surface and borders, variable colors
usually on the trunk in men and legs in women
darkly pigmented cancerous tumor
greater than 6 mm should be removed

43
Q

shingles

A 
herpes zoster
acute viral infection
painful vesicles on the skin
follows along the nerve pathway
symptoms: severe pain, burning, itching, headache, tiredness
44
Q

impetigo

A

contagious bacterial infection

usually around the mouth and nose

45
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

most often in men
associated with AIDS
rare malignant lesions
soft, purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet that spread throughout the skin

46
Q

leukoplakia

A

3% develop into cancerous lesions
caused from irritants
white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to mucous membranes
tobacco smoke or friction by a rough tooth or dentures

47
Q

psoriasis

A

white scales over raised red plaques
causes pruritus (itching)
common, noninfectious skin disorder
topical medication/UV light therapy

48
Q

scabies

A 
caused by the "human itch mite"
parasitic infestation 
highly contagious
resulting in a rash and pruritus
found in genital area, arm pits, waistline, hands and breasts
49
Q

decubitus ulcer (bedsore)

A

loss of blood supply = ischemia = necrosis

50
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nails

51
Q

verruca (wart) benign (Plantar)

A

caused by HPV human papillomavirus

52
Q

eczema

A

red, itchy skin
not infectious
caused by an allergic reaction

53
Q

keloid

A

large, elevated scar formed by collagen

54
Q

pilonidal cyst

A

cyst in the sacrococcygeal area

asymptomatic unless infected I&D (incision/drainage)

55
Q

how are specific allergens identified

A

intradermal injections, patch testing and scratch tests

56
Q

a noninvasive treatment for skin cancer using liquid nitrogen that freezes and destroys tissue

A

cryosurgery

57
Q

removal of debris, foreign objects, and necrotic tissue

prevents infection and promotes healing

A

debridement

58
Q

skin biopsy

A

removal of a piece of tissue from skin lesions for microscopic examination

59
Q

curettage

A

scraping away abnormal tissue

60
Q

electrodesiccation (fulgeration)

A

electrical current used to destroy superficial lesions

61
Q

adip/o

A

fat

62
Q

albin/o

A

white

63
Q

caut/o

A

burn

64
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

65
Q

derm/o

A

skin

66
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

67
Q

-edema

A

swelling

68
Q

erythr/o

A

red

69
Q

fasci/o

A

band of fibrous tissue

70
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

71
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

72
Q

histi/o

A

tissue

73
Q

ichthy/o

A

fish

74
Q

kerat/o

A

hard/horny

cornea

75
Q

leuk/o

A

white

76
Q

lip/o

A

fat

77
Q

melan/o

A

black

78
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

79
Q

necr/o

A

death

80
Q

onych/o

A

nails

81
Q

pil/o

A

hair

82
Q

scler/o

A

hard

sclera of the eye

83
Q

squam/o

A

scales

84
Q

trich/o

A

hair

85
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

86
Q

xer/o

A

dryness

87
Q

Bx, bx

A

biopsy

88
Q

decub.

A

decubitus ulcer; pressure sore

89
Q

DLE

A

discoid lupus erythematosus

90
Q

EAHF

A

eczema, asthma, and hay fever

91
Q

FANA

A

fluorescent antinuclear antibody

92
Q

FS

A

frozen section

93
Q

ID

A

intradermal

94
Q

I&D

A

incision and drainage

95
Q

LE

A

(systemic) lupus erythematosus

96
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative

97
Q

PSS

A

progressive systemic scleroderma

98
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

99
Q

subq.

A

subcutaneous

100
Q

TENS

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

101
Q

ung.

A

ointment

102
Q

UV

A

ultraviolet (light)

103
Q

XP, XDP

A

xeroderma pigmentosum

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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