Ch. 14 Senses (EENT) Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
o.s. =
A
left eye (oculus sinister)
2
Q
o.d. =
A
right eye (oculus dexter)
3
Q
o.u. =
A
both eyes (oculus uterque)
4
Q
Conjunctiva is . . .
A
a clear, mucous membrane
covers eye and inside eyelids (palpebrae)
produces clear, watery mucus
5
Q
Caruncle is . . .
A
triangular fleshy mass at the medial corner of eye
6
Q
inflammation or infection of the conjunctivae:
A
conjunctivitis
7
Q
Mucus in the conjunctivae helps . . .
A
trap particles
8
Q
bloodshot =
A
injected conjunctivae
9
Q
The white of the eye is called:
A
sclera (sclerae)
10
Q
Name 4 points about the sclera:
A
fibrous connective tissue
protects internal eye
maintains eyeball shape
site for muscle attachment
11
Q
EOM =
A
extraocular muscles
12
Q
How many extraocular muscles are there?
A
6
13
Q
What is the purpose of EOM and how are they controlled?
A
control eye movements
controlled by cranial nerves 3-6
14
Q
Colored part of the eye:
A
iris
15
Q
How is iris color determined?
A
genetically
16
Q
Allows light rays to enter the eyes:
A
pupils
17
Q
How does bright/dim light effect the pupil?
A
bright light - iris contracts - smaller pupil
dim light - iris relaxes - dilated pupil
18
Q
Clear, hard disk:
A
lens
19
Q
Two distinctions of the lens:
A
concave for near vision
thinner for far vision
20
Q
Clear; covering iris and pupil:
A
cornea
21
Q
Two distinctions of the cornea:
A
does have nerves, no blood supply
receives oxygen and nutrients from tears & aqueous humor
22
Q
Thin tissue in the back of the eye:
A
retina, also called fundus
23
Q
Bright circle on the retina, close to the nose:
A
optic disk
24
Q
Cranial nerve 2 enters the eye at the optic disk:
A
optic nerve
25
Dark area lateral to the optic disk:
macula, also called fovea
26
Scleral icterus is:
yellowing of the whites of the eyes
27
Anicteric =
without jaundice
28
Icteric =
jaundice
| high levels of bilirubin = liver disease
29
PERRLA:
pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation
30
EOMI:
extraocular movements intact
31
How well a person can see is called?
visual acuity
32
What test is used to test visual acuity?
Snellen test (eye chart)
33
Bulging of the eyeballs is called?
exophthalmos (Graves' disease)
34
a.s.
left ear (auris sinistra)
35
a.d.
right ear (auris dextra)
36
a.u.
both ears (auris unitas)
37
Cerumen is:
earwax
38
An auricle is:
outside of the ear/cartilage
39
EAC:
external auditory canal
| tube from the auricle to the TM
40
TM:
tympanic membrane (ear drum)
41
Normal color of the tympanic membrane:
gray/pearly/pink
42
Other colors the tympanic membrane could be indicating possible illness:
white, amber, gray, blue (OME - otitis media w/effusion)
| pale yellow, white, marked redness, injection (AOM - acute otitis media)
43
Ringing of the ears:
tinnitus (represents damage)
44
Connects the middle ear to the pharynx:
eustachian tube
45
What does the eustachian tube do?
functions to equalize pressure
46
Ossicles are:
3 tiny bones in the middle ear
47
Name each ossicle:
malleus
incus
stapes
48
The stapes fits into the . . .
oval window
49
What is the cochlea?
coiled portion of the inner ear
50
What are 2 distinctions of the cochlea?
relays frequency and intensity of vibrations
| cranial nerve 8
51
Relays position of head to keep balance:
semicircular canal
52
The round window is covered by . . .
a membrane
53
The round window and oval window are what?
2 openings in the temporal bone
54
What does the round window separate?
the middle ear from the inner ear
55
Divides the nose into right and left sides:
nasal septum
56
Bone in the middle of the nose, behind the septum, is called?
vomer
57
External openings of the nose:
nares (naris)
58
Flared cartilage on each side of nostril:
ala
59
What is the nasal cavity formed by?
```
ethmoid bone (roof and sides)
maxilla as the hard palate
```
60
_______________ increases nasal surface area to slow down air, as well as, warm and moisten air.
turbinates or conchae
61
What is the nasal cavity lined with?
nasal mucosa
62
How often does the nasal mucosa produce mucus?
continually with goblet cells
63
How many sinuses are there?
4
64
Name the four sinuses:
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
maxillary
65
How are the sinuses named?
according to location
66
The crease from the nose to the mouth is called?
nasolabial fold
67
The pink-red border around the lips is?
vermilion border
68
Pharynx =
throat
69
Uppermost part of the throat that contains adenoids:
nasopharynx
70
Where are the eustachian tubes located?
nasopharynx
71
Middle portion of the throat, soft palate to epiglottis, contains tonsils:
oropharynx
72
Epiglottis to larynx:
laryngopharynx
73
LASIK surgery or keratoplasty is:
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
plastic surgery of the cornea
low pain/low discomfort
74
What does LASIK/keratoplasty do?
permanently changes the shape of the cornea using excimer laser
75
What instrument is used to cut a flap in the cornea?
microkeratome (knife)
76
What is the function of the flap?
it hinges back revealing the stroma, (cornea midsection)
77
A computer-controlled laser vaporizes a portion of?
stroma, then flap is replaced
78
Diopter is what?
measurement
| refractive power of lens equal to the length in m
79
Cloudiness of lens that prevents vision:
cataract
80
Cataracts are:
prevalent in older people
| leading cause of blindness
81
Four points of cataract surgery:
surgical removal of lens
replaced by a lens (IOL)
restores vision
lens can be plastic, acrylic, or silicone
82
Less invasive form of cataract surgery is:
phacoemulsification
83
How does phacoemulsification work?
removes cataract by breaking it up with ultrasound
IOL is inserted
OP procedure
84
YAG laser capsulotomy:
restores vision lost from a clouded lens capsule
85
A YAG laser capsulotomy is often needed when?
after cataract surgery
86
Why is a YAG laser capsulotomy needed?
there is a haze on the membrane behind the IOL implant
this causes loss of acuity = posterior capsular opacity
painless, no anesthesia, no incision
87
What is a slit-lamp exam?
microscopic exam of the eye using a light
88
Tonometry measures . . .
IOP (intraocular pressure)
89
What steps are taken to measure tonometry?
anesthetic eye drops are given
tonometer placed against the eye
blue light aids in measurement
90
What is another way to measure tonometry that is less accurate?
"air puff" - no need for drops
91
Increased IOP, can cause damage to optic nerve:
glaucoma
92
Name 4 distinctions of glaucoma:
progressive loss of peripheral vision at first
pressure is measured in mmHg
anything above 25 mmHg is high
eye drops are given to control pressure
93
What are Weber and Rinne tests?
hearing tests
94
Evaluates bone conduction versus air conduction of sound, one ear at a time:
Rinne
95
Evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time:
Weber
96
Acute or chronic inflammation of the middle ear behind the TM?
otitis media
97
Serous exudate behind the TM without symptoms:
otitis media with effusion (OME) or serous otitis media (SOM)
98
Swimmer's ear:
otitis externa (OE)
99
Myringotomy and tubes (M&T) is:
incision into the TM to place a ventilation tube (PE)
sometimes called PE (polyethylene) tube
this allows for drainage
the small tubes usually fall out spontaneously within a few months
100
A Caldwell-Luc procedure is a?
sinus surgery
101
Name 3 distinctions of the Caldwell-Luc procedure?
for patient's with acute or chronic infective sinusitis
removing sinus mucosa or tumor
maxillary sinus is entered through the upper gum in mouth
102
What is a Water's view?
x-ray
| nose up, allows for good view of maxillary sinuses
103
Repair of septal deviation is:
septoplasty
104
Name 2 distinctions of septal deviation:
either congenital or caused by trauma
| septum is displaced causing breathing problems
105
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A):
removing the tonsils and adenoids
