Final Exam Urinary System Flashcards
What are the 4 urinary organs?
- kidneys
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
What are the 5 functions of the urinary organs?
- Water and electrolyte homeostasis
- Excretion of toxic waste and water
- Production of hormones
- Regulation of BP
- Activation of Vit. D
What are 4 ways urinary organs balance water and electrolyte homeostasis
- filtration of cellular waste from blood
- selective re absorption of water and solutes
- regulation of fluid balance
- maintain acid base balance
What hormones are produced by the urinary organs?
- renin
2. erythropoietin
What apparatus in the urinary organs is important in regulation of BP
juxtaglomerular apparatus
which species have unilobular kidneys?
Dogs, horses
what does erythropoietin do
RBC formation
Which species have multilobular kidneys?
porcine, bovine
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
what are the 2 ways of osmoregulation in the nephron of the kidney?
- filtration of small molecules from blood
2. selective re-absorption of water and other molecules
What are the 2 regions of the kidney?
- Cortex
2. Medulla
which section of the kidney has the renal corpuscules?
cortex
Which section of the kidney has the nephrons?
Medulla
Which section of the kidney has the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?
Cortex
Which section of the kidney houses the nephron loops?
Cortex
Which section of the kidney has the collecting ducts and vasa recta
Medulla
What are the 2 parts of the nephron?
- renal corpuscle
2. renal tubules
What are the 2 parts of the renal corpuscule
- glomerulus
2. bowman’s capsule
what are the 3 segments of the renal tubules
- proximal segment
- thin/thick segment
- distal segment
What are the 4 cells of the renal corpuscle
- podocytes
- squamous cells
- endothelial cells
- mesangial cells
cells that form the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule
Podocytes
Cells that form the parietal layer of glomerular capsule
Squamous cells
Cells that form fenestrated glomerular capillaries in renal corpuscle
Endothelial cells
Cells that are between fenestrated capillaries of renal corpuscle
Mesangial cells
Allows small molecules in blood to pass from the glomerular capillary into the urinary space of renal corpusculse
Fenestrated Capillaries
Filtrate enters the tubular system via the ______
Urinary pole
What are the 3 stages of urine formation
- primary filtrate
- reabsorption of substances
- tubular secretion
What is secreted by the convoluted tubules
K, H, NH4
What are the 3 components of the Blood urine Barrier
- Endothelium of glomerular capillary
- glomerular BM
- Podocytes
What are mesangial cells?
phagocytic cells, contractile, receptors for ANgiotensis II, provide support to capillaries
What are the 6 steps of the glomerular filtrate pathway?
- urinary space of bowman’s capsule
- proximal convoluted tubules
- nephron loop
- distal convoluted tubules
- collecting papillary duct
- calyx or renal pelvis
What are the 3 segments of the renal tubules?
- proximal tubule
- thin descending and thick ascending limb of nephron loop
- distal convoluted tubule
Where do proximal tubules begin?
at urinary pole of renal corpuscle
What lines the proximal tubules?
cuboidal tubular epithelial cells with brush border
What is absorbed in the PCT?
NA and water from glomerular filtrate
glucose and AA too
What are PCT once they leave the cortex and enter the medulla?
Proximal straight tubules
What are the 3 segments of nephron’s loop?
- Thin descending
- Thin ascending
- Thick straight ascending
Nephron loops parallel the course of ______, facilitating ion and water exchange
Vasa Recta
T/F. DCT Have a brush border
F. PCT
What is absorbed by the DCT?
Na+; PO4-; Ca++
Cells of the DCT are the main target cells of ______.
Aldosterone
T/F/ DCT contain Macula Densa?
T
Specialized cells of the distal convoluted tubule adjacent to specialized smooth muscle cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles
Macula Densa
What are the 4 ways the Macula Densa cells balance water and electrolytes?
- Filtration of wastes from blood
- selective reabsortion of H2o and solutes
- Regulation of fluid balande
- Maintain electrolyte’s homeostasis/ acid base balance
What are the 4 functions of the Macula Densa Cells?
- water/electrolyte homeostasis
- production of renin and erythropoietin
- Regulation of BP (juxtaglom. appa.)
- Activation of Vit. D
What are the 2 components of the Juxtaglomerular App.
- Macula Densa
2. Juxtaglomerular cells
What do the macula densa cells do in regards to the JG apparatus
sense Na concentrations
What do juxtaglomerular cells do in regards to the JG apparatus?
Sense BP and secrete renin in response.
What type of receptor is found in the macula densa?
chemoreceptor
What type of receptor is found in the jg cells?
Baroreceptor
What is located in the lumen of the D. collecting ducts?
urine
Where does the terminal portion of the papillary ducts empty?
area cribrosa of the renal crest or papilla
What do the principle cells of the collecting ducts do?
reabsorb Na and H2O
which cells of the collecting ducts participate in Acid base balance
intercalated cells
What does the vesa recta do in the renal papilla?
Take away water passing through collecting and papillayr ducts
what is special about the urinary bladder in the horse?
Has clusters of mucous glands
What are the 3 tunics of the urinary bladder?
- Tunica mucosa
- Tunica muscularis
- tunica serosa
What is the transitional epithelium of the tunica mucosa of the bladder called?
urothelium
What are the 2 segments of the male urethra?
- . pelvic
2. penile
Epithelial cells are dreived from which germ layers?
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
mesenchyme is derived from which germ layers?
mesoderm, ectoderm
What are the 3 stages of renal development?
- pronephros
- mesonephros
- metanephros
