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Micro Anatomy > Final Exam Urinary System > Flashcards

Final Exam Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 urinary organs?

A
  1. kidneys
  2. ureters
  3. urinary bladder
  4. urethra
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2
Q

What are the 5 functions of the urinary organs?

A
  1. Water and electrolyte homeostasis
  2. Excretion of toxic waste and water
  3. Production of hormones
  4. Regulation of BP
  5. Activation of Vit. D
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3
Q

What are 4 ways urinary organs balance water and electrolyte homeostasis

A
  1. filtration of cellular waste from blood
  2. selective re absorption of water and solutes
  3. regulation of fluid balance
  4. maintain acid base balance
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4
Q

What hormones are produced by the urinary organs?

A
  1. renin

2. erythropoietin

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5
Q

What apparatus in the urinary organs is important in regulation of BP

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

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6
Q

which species have unilobular kidneys?

A

Dogs, horses

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7
Q

what does erythropoietin do

A

RBC formation

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8
Q

Which species have multilobular kidneys?

A

porcine, bovine

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9
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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10
Q

what are the 2 ways of osmoregulation in the nephron of the kidney?

A
  1. filtration of small molecules from blood

2. selective re-absorption of water and other molecules

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11
Q

What are the 2 regions of the kidney?

A
  1. Cortex

2. Medulla

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12
Q

which section of the kidney has the renal corpuscules?

A

cortex

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13
Q

Which section of the kidney has the nephrons?

A

Medulla

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14
Q

Which section of the kidney has the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

A

Cortex

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15
Q

Which section of the kidney houses the nephron loops?

A

Cortex

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16
Q

Which section of the kidney has the collecting ducts and vasa recta

A

Medulla

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17
Q

What are the 2 parts of the nephron?

A
  1. renal corpuscle

2. renal tubules

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18
Q

What are the 2 parts of the renal corpuscule

A
  1. glomerulus

2. bowman’s capsule

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19
Q

what are the 3 segments of the renal tubules

A
  1. proximal segment
  2. thin/thick segment
  3. distal segment
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20
Q

What are the 4 cells of the renal corpuscle

A
  1. podocytes
  2. squamous cells
  3. endothelial cells
  4. mesangial cells
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21
Q

cells that form the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule

A

Podocytes

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22
Q

Cells that form the parietal layer of glomerular capsule

A

Squamous cells

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23
Q

Cells that form fenestrated glomerular capillaries in renal corpuscle

A

Endothelial cells

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24
Q

Cells that are between fenestrated capillaries of renal corpuscle

A

Mesangial cells

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25
Q

Allows small molecules in blood to pass from the glomerular capillary into the urinary space of renal corpusculse

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

26
Q

Filtrate enters the tubular system via the ______

A

Urinary pole

27
Q

What are the 3 stages of urine formation

A
  1. primary filtrate
  2. reabsorption of substances
  3. tubular secretion
28
Q

What is secreted by the convoluted tubules

A

K, H, NH4

29
Q

What are the 3 components of the Blood urine Barrier

A
  1. Endothelium of glomerular capillary
  2. glomerular BM
  3. Podocytes
30
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

phagocytic cells, contractile, receptors for ANgiotensis II, provide support to capillaries

31
Q

What are the 6 steps of the glomerular filtrate pathway?

A
  1. urinary space of bowman’s capsule
  2. proximal convoluted tubules
  3. nephron loop
  4. distal convoluted tubules
  5. collecting papillary duct
  6. calyx or renal pelvis
32
Q

What are the 3 segments of the renal tubules?

A
  1. proximal tubule
  2. thin descending and thick ascending limb of nephron loop
  3. distal convoluted tubule
33
Q

Where do proximal tubules begin?

A

at urinary pole of renal corpuscle

34
Q

What lines the proximal tubules?

A

cuboidal tubular epithelial cells with brush border

35
Q

What is absorbed in the PCT?

A

NA and water from glomerular filtrate

glucose and AA too

36
Q

What are PCT once they leave the cortex and enter the medulla?

A

Proximal straight tubules

37
Q

What are the 3 segments of nephron’s loop?

A
  1. Thin descending
  2. Thin ascending
  3. Thick straight ascending
38
Q

Nephron loops parallel the course of ______, facilitating ion and water exchange

A

Vasa Recta

39
Q

T/F. DCT Have a brush border

A

F. PCT

40
Q

What is absorbed by the DCT?

A

Na+; PO4-; Ca++

41
Q

Cells of the DCT are the main target cells of ______.

A

Aldosterone

42
Q

T/F/ DCT contain Macula Densa?

A

T

43
Q

Specialized cells of the distal convoluted tubule adjacent to specialized smooth muscle cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles

A

Macula Densa

44
Q

What are the 4 ways the Macula Densa cells balance water and electrolytes?

A
  1. Filtration of wastes from blood
  2. selective reabsortion of H2o and solutes
  3. Regulation of fluid balande
  4. Maintain electrolyte’s homeostasis/ acid base balance
45
Q

What are the 4 functions of the Macula Densa Cells?

A
  1. water/electrolyte homeostasis
  2. production of renin and erythropoietin
  3. Regulation of BP (juxtaglom. appa.)
  4. Activation of Vit. D
46
Q

What are the 2 components of the Juxtaglomerular App.

A
  1. Macula Densa

2. Juxtaglomerular cells

47
Q

What do the macula densa cells do in regards to the JG apparatus

A

sense Na concentrations

48
Q

What do juxtaglomerular cells do in regards to the JG apparatus?

A

Sense BP and secrete renin in response.

49
Q

What type of receptor is found in the macula densa?

A

chemoreceptor

50
Q

What type of receptor is found in the jg cells?

A

Baroreceptor

51
Q

What is located in the lumen of the D. collecting ducts?

A

urine

52
Q

Where does the terminal portion of the papillary ducts empty?

A

area cribrosa of the renal crest or papilla

53
Q

What do the principle cells of the collecting ducts do?

A

reabsorb Na and H2O

54
Q

which cells of the collecting ducts participate in Acid base balance

A

intercalated cells

55
Q

What does the vesa recta do in the renal papilla?

A

Take away water passing through collecting and papillayr ducts

56
Q

what is special about the urinary bladder in the horse?

A

Has clusters of mucous glands

57
Q

What are the 3 tunics of the urinary bladder?

A
  1. Tunica mucosa
  2. Tunica muscularis
  3. tunica serosa
58
Q

What is the transitional epithelium of the tunica mucosa of the bladder called?

A

urothelium

59
Q

What are the 2 segments of the male urethra?

A
  1. . pelvic

2. penile

60
Q

Epithelial cells are dreived from which germ layers?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

61
Q

mesenchyme is derived from which germ layers?

A

mesoderm, ectoderm

62
Q

What are the 3 stages of renal development?

A
  1. pronephros
  2. mesonephros
  3. metanephros

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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