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Micro Anatomy > Exam 2 Integument > Flashcards

Exam 2 Integument Flashcards

1
Q

9 Functions of the skin

A
  1. protection
  2. prevents water loss
  3. temp. regulation
  4. Sensation
  5. Elasticity to permit movement
  6. Immune function
  7. Excretion
  8. Calcium homeostasis
  9. Energy storage
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2
Q

What are the 5 functions of hair?

A
  1. Insulation
  2. Camouflage
  3. Social Display
  4. Sense/protection
  5. Sex Recognition
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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
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4
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

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5
Q

Where does the epidermis originate from?

A

The Ectoderm

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6
Q

T/F the Epidermis is Avascular

A

T

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7
Q

Where does the dermis originate from?

A

Mesoderm

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8
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

loose CT layer below dermis

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9
Q

What is the diff. between thick and thin skin?

A

Thick- Hairless, merocrine sweat glands, digital pads, muzzle
Thin- Hair follicles with arrector pili muscle, sebaceous and sweat glands

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10
Q

What are Epidermal pegs

A

Downward projections of the epidermis into the underlying dermis

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11
Q

What are Dermal papillae

A

Upward projections of the superficial dermis

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12
Q

What are the functions of the dermal papillae

A

Inc. SA between epidermis and dermis

Bring blood vessels near the epithellium

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13
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary Layer

2. Reticular Layer

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14
Q

Which type of collagen can be found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

Type 1 and 3

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15
Q

What is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

Mast cells, Macrophages, Vessels, Nerves

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16
Q

What type of connective tissue is the Papillary layer of the dermis composed of?

A

Loose CT

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17
Q

What type of connective tissue is the Reticular layer of the dermis composed of?

A

Dense irregular CT

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18
Q

Which type of collagen can be found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

Type 1

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19
Q

What is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

Blood vessels, Nerves, elastic fibers

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20
Q

How is the skin elastic?

A

Network of elastic fibers in reticular layer of the dermis

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21
Q

What are the two cell types of the epidermis

A
  1. Keratinocytes

2. Non- Keratinocytes

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22
Q

What is the most common cell type of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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23
Q

What are 4 types of non- Keratinocytes found in the epidermis

A
  1. Langerhans cells
  2. Merkel’s Cells
  3. Melanocytes
  4. Intraepithelial lymphocytes
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24
Q

Attach basal cells to the basal lamina

A

Hemidesmosomes

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25
Q

What is the basic plan of the epidermal layers?

A
  1. Constant supply of cells
  2. Adhere cells
  3. Replace cytoplasm with keratin
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26
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
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27
Q

Where is the stratum basale located?

A

Epidermal-Dermal junction

Rests on basal lamina

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28
Q

What shaped cells are in stratum basale?

A

cuboidal to columnar

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29
Q

What shaped cells are present in stratum spinosum?

A

cuboidal or slightly flattened

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30
Q

What gives cells of the stratum spinosum their spiny appearance?

A

increased number of tonofilaments

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31
Q

can cells of the stratum spinosum divide?

A

yes sometimes if needed, but not much division

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32
Q

What gives stratum granulosum its color?

A

Keratohyalin granules

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33
Q

Does the stratum granulosum stain basophilic or eosinophilic?

A

Basophilic

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34
Q

Secreated by cells in the stratum granulosum, to form waterproof lipid sheets

A

Lamellar granules

35
Q

Is the stratum granulosum living or non living?

A

Last LIVING layer

36
Q

Is the Stratum lucidium present in thick or thin skin?

A

Thick

37
Q

Are cells of the stratum lucidium living or non living?

A

non living

38
Q

In the cytoplasm of the stratum lucidium, a protein chemically related to keratin.

A

Eleidin

39
Q

What is the function of keratin in the stratum corneum?

A

Water resistant protection

40
Q

What is another name for the cells of the stratum corneum?

A

Horny cells

41
Q

The Stratum ______ is the last living cells with keratohyalin granules

A

Granulosum

42
Q

Stratum lucidum cells have _______ nuclei

A

Pyknotic

43
Q

Process by which keratinocytes differentiate.

A

Keratinization

44
Q

how long does keratinization take in dogs?

A

21 days

45
Q

Production of stratum corneum by terminal epidermal differentiation.

A

Cornification

46
Q

What is the function of langerhans cells?

A

immune system

47
Q

What is the function of Merkel’s cells?

A

sensory cells

48
Q

What is the function of Melanocytes

A

Protective function

49
Q

Where are langerhan’s cells found?

A

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum

50
Q

Where are langerhan’s cells derived from?

A

bone marrow, (intra-epidermal macrophages)

51
Q

what is the immunological role of langerhan’s cells

A

Antigen presenting cells

52
Q

Where are merkel’s cells found?

A

Stratum basale of thick skin

53
Q

What is the function of Merkel’s cells?

A

May be sensory mechanoreceptors for cutaneous sensationor diffuse neuroendocrine system

54
Q

Where are Melanocytes found?

A

Stratum basale

55
Q

Where do melanocytes originate?

A

Neural crest

56
Q

Which pigment do melalnocytes produce?

A

melanin

57
Q

What is the function of Melanin?

A

Protect cells from UV radiation

58
Q

Which enzyme must be present for Melanin production?

A

Tyrosinase

59
Q

What happens if Tyrosinase is not present?

A

No melanin production, Albino animals

60
Q

What is the most common form of melanin? (brown/black pigment?

A

Eumelanin

61
Q

A red-brown polymer largely responsible for red hair and freckles

A

Pheomelanin

62
Q

What are the 2 layers of a hair follicle?

A
  1. Dermal papilla

2. Root sheath

63
Q

What is the function of the Dermal papilla of a hair follicle?

A

Carries blood supply to cells of hair

64
Q

What are the 4 layers of the root sheath of a hair follicle?

A
  1. External glassy membrane
  2. External root sheath
  3. Internal root sheath
  4. Cuticle
65
Q

What are the 2 types of hair follicles?

A
  1. Primary/Guard Hair
    large diameter, rooted deepin dermis
  2. Secondary/Under Hair
    smaller diameter, rooted near surface
66
Q

What type of glands are present in Primary hair follicles?

A

sebaceous glands and sweat glands

67
Q

What type of glands are present in secondary hair follicles?

A

sebaceous gland, no sweat glands

68
Q

Clusters of several hair follicles, usually consist of one primary follicle and numerous secondary follicles

A

compound hair follicle

69
Q

Whiskers are an example of what type of hair?

A

Sinus Hair

70
Q

What is produced by sebaceous glands?

A

sebum- a mixture of lipid and disintegrated cells

71
Q

What type of gland is sebaceous glands?

A

Holocrine gland

72
Q

what is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

produce sebum- antibacterial and waterproofing agent

73
Q

Examples of sebaceous glands:

A
  1. Supracaudal glands
  2. Mekntal glands
  3. Horn glands
  4. Circumanal glands
  5. Preputial glands
  6. Tarsal glands
  7. Uropygial gland
74
Q

Examples of apocrine glands?

A
  1. Sweat glands
  2. mammary glands
  3. Glands of moll
  4. Glands of Anal sac
  5. ceruminous glands
75
Q

Type of gland that excretes via exocytosis

A

Merocrine

76
Q

What is the function of merocrine glands?

A

thermoregulation, electrolyte balance,

77
Q

Hooves and claws arise from which stratum of the dermis?

A

Stratum corneum

78
Q

Which stratum(s) of the dermis are hooves and claws lacking?

A

granulosum and lucidum

79
Q

What are the 2 main layers of the hoof?

A
  1. outer epidermis

2. underlying dermis (corium)

80
Q

Which part of the hoof contains nerves and blood vessels?

A

laminar corium

81
Q

What are the 3 epidermal layers of the hoof wall?

A
  1. Stratum Tectorium
  2. Stratum Medium
  3. stratum lamellatum/internum
82
Q

Which part of the hoof is known as the insensitive lamellae?

A

Stratum lamellatum

83
Q

Which part of the hoof is known as the sensitive lamimnae?

A

Laminar corium

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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