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Micro Anatomy > Exam 2 Muscle > Flashcards

Exam 2 Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissues of the body:

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscle Tissue
  4. Nervous Tissue
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2
Q

What are two other names for muscle cells

A

myocytes myofibers

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3
Q

Which layer do muscle fibers originate from?

A

Mesoderm

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4
Q

They cytoplasm of muscle cells

A

Sardcoplasm

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5
Q

What is contained in the Sarcoplasm?

A

Glycogen and Myoglobin

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6
Q

The plasma Memb. of the muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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7
Q

The highly specialized smooth ER of a muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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8
Q

What is the importance of the SR

A

regulate calcium flow

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of Cross striated muscle

A
  1. Cardiac

2. Skeletal

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10
Q

What is another term for Myoepithelial cells?

A

Basket cells

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11
Q

T/F striations are seen in myocytes when cut in cross section?

A

F. Longitudinal Sections

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12
Q

Mesenchymal cells align and fuse together forming multinucleated tubes called:

A

Myotubes

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13
Q

Myotubes differentiate forming functional ______ and the nuclei are displaced against the plasma memb.

A

Myofilaments

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14
Q

Cells that do not differentiate and remain mesenchymal cells,

A

Satellite cells

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15
Q

What is the purpose of satellite cells?

A

muscle repair

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16
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the muscle

A

Epimysium

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17
Q

A whole muscle can be made up of many smaller bundles known as:

A

Fascicles

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18
Q

Each Fascicle is surrounded by

A

Perimysium

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19
Q

What is a fascicle made up of?

A

Myocytes/Myofibers

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20
Q

Myofibers contain cylindrical bundles of ______ which in turn contain many smaller bundles of ______

A

Myofibrils, Myofilaments

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21
Q

Individual myocytes are surrounded by reticular fibers forming the _____

A

Endomysium

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22
Q

The contractile element of muscles

A

Sarcomere

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23
Q

What are Myofibrils made of?

A

Actin and Myosin

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24
Q

What are the regulatory proteins of Myofilaments?

A

Tropomyosin

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25
Q

T/F the light zone only contains Actin

A

T

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26
Q

T/F The dark zone only contains Myosin

A

F. Myosin +/- Actin

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27
Q

What is another name for the light zone

A

I Band

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28
Q

What is another name for the Dark zone

A

A Band

29
Q

What is the H zone?

A

Only contains M

30
Q

What is the M line

A

Center, where myosin is anchored

31
Q

What is anchored to the Z-Line?

A

Actin

32
Q

What are the 5 steps of muscle contraction?

A
  1. Calcium binds troponin
  2. Tropomyosin moves exposing byosin-binding site on actin
  3. Myosin head binds to Actin ATP to ADP
  4. Bound thin filament slides over thick
  5. shortening of entire muscle fiber
33
Q

What is the main function of the SR?

A

Stores and releases calcium ions to initiate contractions

34
Q

The expanded ends of the SR

A

Terminal Cisterna

35
Q

What are the 2 types of skeletal muscles?

A
  1. Type 1 (red muscle)

2. Type 2 (White muscle)

36
Q

Another name for red muscle

A

Slow twitch

37
Q

What accounts for the dark color of red muscle?

A

Myoglobin

38
Q

T/F Slow twitch muscle requires Aerobic metabolism to resist fatigue?

A

T

39
Q

List 3 facts about slow twitch muscle

A
  1. High fat, low glycogen
  2. Many mitochondria
  3. Myoglobin to help transfer O2
40
Q

What is another name for White Muscle?

A

Fast twitch

41
Q

Give some examples of Slow twitch muscle

A

Postural muscles of mammals, pectoral muscles of birds

42
Q

T/F White muscle undergoes anaerobic meabolism

A

T

43
Q

T/F White Muscle is less prone to fatigue than red muscle?

A

F More prone to fatigue

44
Q

List 3 facts about Fast twitch muscle

A
  1. low fat, high glycogen
  2. less myoglobin
  3. few mitochondria
45
Q

Does cardiac muscle undergo aerobic or anaerobic metabolism?

A

Aerobic

46
Q

What are the 2 types of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle

A

Gap junctions and desmosomes

47
Q

Attach cardiac muscle cells to each other, providing strength and the ability to function as a syncytium

A

Intercalated Discs

48
Q

Intercalated discs consist of 2 elements:

A
  1. Transverse element

2. Longitudinal element

49
Q

What is the function of Transverse elements?

A

Anchor/ Strong attachment

50
Q

What is the function of Longitudinal elements

A

Communication / Propagation of electrical impulses

51
Q

A Desmosome is an example of a _______ element

A

Transverse

52
Q

A Gap Junction is an example of a ______ element

A

Longitudinal

53
Q

What are the 2 types of Cardiomyocytes?

A
  1. Contractile

2. Conductile

54
Q

Modified cardiac muscle fibers in the subendothelial tissue, concerned with conducting impulses through the heart

A

Purkinje Fibers

55
Q

Groups of purkinje fibers are known as

A

Purkinje Fibers also

56
Q

What is the purpose of cytoplasmic dense bodies in smooth muscles

A

anchors for myofilaments

57
Q

T/F smooth muscle is similar to skeletal muscle and contain Desmosomes, gap juncions, and t tubules

A

F. No T tubules

58
Q

What are the 2 types of smooth muscle cells?

A

Single smooth muscle

Multi-unit smooth muscle

59
Q

Where is single smooth muscle found

A

Visceral organs

60
Q

how do cells of single smooth muscle communicate?

A

gap junctions

61
Q

Where is Multi-unit smooth muscle found>

A

Iris of eye

62
Q

what is the function of Multi unit smooth muscle

A

precise contraction

63
Q

T/F Multi-Unit smooth muscle cells behave like syncytium contracting in a network

A

F Individual innervation of each myocyte

64
Q

T/F Single smooth muscle behave like syncytium contracting in a network?

A

T

65
Q

What are the 4 functions of smooth muscle cells?

A
  1. peristalsis- Wave like contractions
  2. Vascular Dynamics - blood pressure
  3. propulsion- bladder
  4. Secretion
66
Q

Myoepithelial cells origin?

A

Ectoderm

67
Q

What stimulates Myoepithelial cells?

A

Hormones

68
Q

Where are myoepithelial cells located?

A

Salivary glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands

69
Q

What is another name for myoepithelial cells?

A

Basket cells

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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