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Micro Anatomy > Final Exam Reproduction > Flashcards

Final Exam Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are teh 4 functions of the male reproductive organs?

A
  1. Production of sex cells
  2. Production of sex hormone - Testosterone
  3. Intro. of male gametes to female repro organs
  4. Production of other hormones
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2
Q

What are the 4 general parts of the male reproductive tract?

A
  1. Testis
  2. Epididymis
  3. Accessory sex glands:
    Vesicular glands, prostate, bulbourethral glands
  4. External genitalia/ penis
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3
Q

What is the site of spermatogenesis?

A

Testis

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4
Q

Where are sex hormones produced?

A

Testis

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5
Q

What are the layers surrounding the Testis?

A
  1. 2 tunicae vaginalis

2. 1 tunica albuginea

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6
Q

What are the 2 components of the tunica vaginalis?

A
  1. Parietal- attached to CT of scrotum

2. visceral- surrounds the testis and epididymis

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7
Q

connective tissue trabeculae that separates the seminiferous tubules

A

Septule testis

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8
Q

What cells are the interstitial cells found between the semineferous tubules?

A

cells of leydig

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9
Q

What are the most immature spermatogenic cells?

A

Spermatogonia

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10
Q

Where are spermatogonia found in the testis

A

Next to the BM

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11
Q

What are the steps of spermatogenesis?

A

spermatogonia stem cells–> Spermatogonia A or B–> Spermat B undergo mitosis–> Primary spermatocytes–> 1st meiosis–> secondary spermatocytes–> Secondary meiosis–> Spermatids–> spermiogenesis–> Spermatozoa

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12
Q

Cells located outsid BM of tubule. Function to mover spermatozoa out

A

Myoid cells

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13
Q

Trace the spermatic pathway

A

seminiferous tubules–> Tubuli recti–> Efferent ductules–> Epididymal duct–> Ductus deferens–> Pelvic urethra–> penile urethra

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14
Q

connects the straight testicular tubules with the efferent ductules in the head of the dpididymis

A

Rete testis

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15
Q

Trace the path of sperm in the testis?

A

seminiferous tubules–> straight testicular tubules–> rete testis–> efferent ductules–> epididymal ducts

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16
Q

Tall cells that extend from the BM to the lumen of the tubule

A

Sertoli Cells

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17
Q

What are the 3 functions of sertoli cells?

A
  1. support, protect, nourish spermatogenic cells
  2. secrete supporting testicular fluid
  3. protect spermatids from immune system
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18
Q

What do sertoli cells release when FSH is bound to their receptors?

A

Androgen Binding protein (ABP)

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19
Q

What does ABP do?

A

binds to androgens to influence germ cell differentation

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20
Q

What 3 hormones does sertoli cells release

A
  1. ABP
  2. AMH
  3. Inhibin
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21
Q

What is the main function of inhibin?

A

suppress secretion of FSH

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22
Q

What is the main function of AMH?

A

Prevents formation of mullerian duct and oviduct in embryo

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23
Q

Cells that occur in clusters between seminiferous tubules

A

Interstitial leydig cells

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24
Q

T/F. Leydig cells have a basophilic cytoplasm?

A

F. foamy acidophilic

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25
Q

What is the main function of Leydig cells

A

Secrete testosterone

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26
Q

What controlls the secretion of testosterone?

A

ICSH- Interstitial cells stimulating hormone

LH!

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27
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A
  1. secondary male sex characteristics
  2. libido
  3. stimulates development and secretory activity
  4. stimulates growth of skeletal muscles and bones
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28
Q

What vasculature is coild in the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery and vein

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29
Q

What is the spermatic cord composed of?

A
  1. testicular artery
  2. testicular vein
  3. Lymphatics
  4. Ductus Deferens
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30
Q

What are the 3 sections of the depididymal duct?

A

head, body, tail

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31
Q

What is the main function of the epidimyal duct?

A

Fluid Resorption and secretion of glycerophosphocholine and sperm storage

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32
Q

What is the gland located ner the junction of the ductus deferens and the urethra in ruminants?

A

Ampulla

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33
Q

What are the 4 accessory sex glands?

A
  1. Bulvourethral Glands
  2. Prostate Gland
  3. Ampullary glands
  4. Vesicular Glands
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34
Q

What are the 3 functions of the accessory sex glands?

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Buffer
  3. Sperm movement
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35
Q

T/F. all of the accessory sex glands are tubuloalveolar

A

T

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36
Q

What are the 3 accessary glands of the bull?

A
  1. Vesicuolar glands
  2. Prostate
  3. Bulbourethral glands
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37
Q

T/F. seminal vesicles are not present in dogs?

A

T

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38
Q

What do the seminal vesicles produce?

A

Fructose, source of energy for sperm

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39
Q

What does the prostate gland surround?

A

Prostatic urethra

40
Q

What surrounds the prostate gland?

A

Fibroelastic capsule

41
Q

What is found in the lumen of the prostate gland?

A

Corpora amylacea

42
Q

What is the secretory produce of the prostate gland?

A

Proteins

43
Q

Paired masses of erectile tissue found within the penis?

A

Corpora cavernosa

44
Q

Single mass of erectile tissue surrounding the urethra?

A

Corpus spongiosum

45
Q

What type of penis do bulls, rams, and bores have?

A

Fibroelastic

46
Q

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?

A
  1. prostatic
  2. pelvic
  3. penile
47
Q

What are the 8 parts of the female repro. system?

A
  1. overies
  2. oviducts
  3. uterus
  4. cervix
  5. Vagina
  6. vestibule and vulva
  7. associated glands
  8. mammary glands
48
Q

What are the 5 functions of the female reproductive tract?

A
  1. exocrine- production of gametes
  2. endocrine- sex hormones
  3. reception of male gametes
  4. fetal development
  5. nutrition of newborn
49
Q

What are the 2 major functions of the ovaries?

A
  1. produce gametes

2. produce hormones

50
Q

What are the 2 parts of the ovary?

A
  1. cortex

2. Medulla

51
Q

In which part of the ovary would you find follicles in various stages of development?

A

Cortex

52
Q

In which part of the ovary would you find connective tissue, nerves, blood, and lymph tissue

A

Medulla

53
Q

What is the major difference seen in the ovary of a mare?

A

cortex and medulla are reversed

54
Q

What is the layer of connective tissue found just below the surface epithelium in the ovary?

A

Tunica albuginea

55
Q

continuous process throughout reproductive life whereby primordial follicles undergo maturation during each repr. cycle.

A

Folliculogenesis

56
Q

Follicular growth and maturation is dependent on ____ secreted from adenohypophysis

A

FSH

57
Q

Which hormone sis important for estrogen synthesis and ovulation

A

LH

58
Q

Structure containing an oocyte surrounded by specialized epithelial cells

A

Ovarian Follicle

59
Q

Primary oocyte is enclosed by flattened simple squam. follicular cells that rest on basal lamina

A

Primordial follicles

60
Q

primary oocyte enclosed by a simple cuboidal layer of follicular cells

A

Primary follicles

61
Q

A primary oocyte enclosed by several layers of follicular cells

A

Secondary follicles

62
Q

Once follicular cells proliferate through mitosis they are called____

A

Granulosa cells

63
Q

Glycoprotein layer located at the interphase between the oocyte and the granulosa cells of secondary follicles

A

Zona pellucida

64
Q

Large, pale staining, spindle-shaped cells that have the morphology of steroid producing/metabolizing cells

A

Theca cells

65
Q

Cells with receptors for FSH, important in the development of the follicle

A

Granulosa cells

66
Q

Follicle becomes larger, small liquid filled areas appear b/t granulosa cells

A

Tertiary follicles

67
Q

Fluid inside the antrum of tertiary follicles

A

Liquor folliculi

68
Q

Oocyte detaches from the cumulus oophorus and floats free in follicular liquid

A

Mature (graffian) follicle

69
Q

The oocyte is surrounded by a layer of follicular cells and sits on an aggregate of granulosa cells

A

Tertiary follicle

70
Q

layer of follicular cells in tertiary follicle

A

Corona Radiata

71
Q

Aggregate of granulosa cells in tertiary follicle

A

Cumulus oophorus

72
Q

Process through which follicular cells degenerate

A

Atresia

73
Q

After ovulation, blood flows into the antrum and the ruptured follicle becomes the ______

A

corpus heorrhagicum

74
Q

Capillaries from the stroma invade the collapsed follicle and convert it into a temp. endocrine organ called ______

A

corppus luteum

75
Q

The process by which the granulosa and theca cells transform into luteal cells

A

Luteinization

76
Q

What do granulosa lutein cells produce in response to FSH and LH?

A

Progesterone and estrogens

77
Q

In response to LH, what do theca lutein cells produce?

A

Progesterone

78
Q

Yellow pigment that appears in the luteal cells of carnivores, mares, and cows

A

Lutein

79
Q

Fibrous scar from the involution of the Corpus luteum

A

Corpus albicans

80
Q

muscular tube derived from mullerian ducts

A

oviduct

81
Q

What are the 4 functions of the oviduct?

A
  1. receive the ovum
  2. secretions promote capacitation of sperm
  3. provide environment for fertilization
  4. transport the zygote to the uterus for implantation
82
Q

What are the 3 functions of the uterus?

A
  1. provides sterile environment for fetus
  2. Exchange of nutrients and trophic factors
  3. muscles contribute to birth and release of fetus
83
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
84
Q

What are the 2 zones of the glandular mucosa in the endometrium?

A
  1. functional zone (F)

2. Basal zone (B)

85
Q

Which layer in the endometrium remains after pregnancy or estrus, the F or B zone?

A

B

86
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cervix called?

A
  1. Endocervix

2. Ectocervix

87
Q

What are the 2 functions of the cervix?

A
  1. Seal to prevent organisms/substances from entering

2. Holds products of conception w/i uterus

88
Q

T/F the endocervix contains no muscularis mucosae?

A

T

89
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Vagina?

A
  1. mucosa
  2. muscularis
  3. Serosa/adventitia
90
Q

Begining or the estrus cycle

A

Proestrus

91
Q

Which types of cells are present during early proestrus?

A

Epithelial, RBCs, neutrophils

92
Q

Which types of cells are present during late proestrus?

A

intermediate and superficial cells, some neutrophils

93
Q

What are the phases of the estrus cycle?

A
  1. Proestrus
  2. Estrus
  3. Diestrus
  4. Anestrus
94
Q

What cell types are present during estrus?

A

Superficial/keritinized cells, some RBC, no nutriphils

95
Q

What cell types are present during diestrus?

A

Intermediate, some RBC

96
Q

What types of cells are present during Anestrus?

A

Parabasal and intermediate, some nutrophils

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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