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Micro Anatomy > Exam 3 Nervous System > Flashcards

Exam 3 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 categories of NS?

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?

A

ANS and SNS

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3
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the ANS

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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4
Q

Membranous coverings of brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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5
Q

What are the 4 meningeal layers covering the brain?

A
  1. Dura mater- outermost
  2. Arachnoid memb. attached to dura mater
  3. Subarachnoid space
  4. Pia Mater
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6
Q

What are the 2 types of nervous tissue?

A
  1. Neurons

2. Neuroglia

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7
Q

What are the 2 categories of neurolial nervous tissues?

A

CNS and PNS

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of Neuroglia cells are located in the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendroglia
  3. Microglial cells
  4. Ependymal cells
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9
Q

What are the 2 types of Neuroglia cells located in the PNS?

A
  1. Schwaan cells

2. Satellite cells

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10
Q

The _____ matter is formed by dense accumulations of myelinated axons.

A

White

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11
Q

The _____ matter is rich in neuronal cell bodies, glial cells, and neuropil.

A

Gray

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12
Q

The axons, dendrites, and cytoplasmic projections of glial cells that form the background matrix within the gray matter.

A

Neuropil

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13
Q

T/F White matter is central in the spinal cord and peripheral in the brain.

A

F Peripheral in SC and Central in Brain

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14
Q

The functional cells of the NS

A

Neurons

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15
Q

What are the 2 properties of neurons?

A
  1. Irritability (generation of impulse)

2. Conductivity (ability to transmit impulse)

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16
Q

T/F All neurons are located entirely in the CNS

A

F. Can be entirely w/i the CNS or entirely or partially w/i PNS

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17
Q

Provide support and the myelin sheath to axons w/i the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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18
Q

T/F Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths for several axons at once?

A

T

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19
Q

What are the 3 functions of Microglia?

A
  1. immunosurveillance
  2. immunoregulation
  3. Reparative (phagocytic)
20
Q

Microglial cells that are globular and swollen after having phagocytized debris from injured cells

A

Gitter Cells

21
Q

What are the 2 origins of the CNS?

A
  1. Ectodermal

2. Mesodermal

22
Q

What components of the CNS are of Ectodermal origin?

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Astrocytes
  3. Oligodendrocytes
23
Q

What components of the CNS are of Mesodermal origin?

A
  1. Microglia

2. Vascular endothelium

24
Q

What is another name for the body of a neuron?

A

Perikaryon

25
Q

What are the 4 ways neurons are distributed throughout the body?

A
  1. Individually
  2. Layers
  3. Ganglia (PNS)
  4. Nuclei (CNS)
26
Q

What is the ageing pigment found in neurons

A

Lipofuscin

27
Q

What are the 3 parts of a synapse?

A
  1. Presynaptic part
  2. Intersynaptic cleft
  3. Post synaptic part
28
Q

What do the synaptic vesicles contain in a stimulatory synapse?

A

Acetylcholine

29
Q

What do the synaptic vesicles contain in an inhibitory synapse?

A

GABA

30
Q

The supporting cels within the brain

A

Neuroglia

31
Q

What are the two types of astrocytes?

A
  1. Protoplasmic (grey matter)

2. Fibrillar (white matter)

32
Q

What are the 3 functions of astrocytes?

A
  1. Transport of nutrients
  2. Part of BBB
  3. Antigen presentation
33
Q

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes?

A

develop and maintain myelin in CNS

34
Q

Resident macrophage of CNS

A

Microglial cells

35
Q

When microglial cells are activated during necrosis or inflammation they are called _____

A

Gitter cells

36
Q

Cells that cover the papillary projections within the lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, and 4th ventricle

A

Ependymal cells

37
Q

T/F some ependymal cells are ciliated?

A

T. ependymal cells lining the central canal have cilia to help the circulation of CSF

38
Q

Transudate, formed by capillaries and ependymal cells, that nourishes CNS tissues and acts as a cushion

A

CSF

39
Q

The total volume of CSF is formed and renewed ___ times a day

A

3

40
Q

What are the 4 layers of the Cerebellum?

A
  1. molecular layer
  2. ganglionic cell layer
  3. granular cell layer
  4. white matter core
41
Q

What is the aditional layer of the cerebellum found in fetuses called?

A

External granular cell layer

42
Q

A collection of neurons in the CNS having a common function

A

Nucleus

43
Q

Collections of Axons/Dendrites outside CNS

A

Nerves

44
Q

Collections of neuronal cell bodies and processes found outside CNS

A

Ganglia

45
Q

What are the 4 cell types of ganglion?

A
  1. neurons
  2. neuroglial cells
  3. schwann cells
  4. Endothelial cells
46
Q

What are the 2 types of ganglia?

A
  1. Sensory

2. Autonomic

47
Q

Situated between the inner and outer longitudinal layers of the tunica muscularis, helps control peristaltic movement of the GI tract

A

Myenteric Plexus

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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