Exam 3 Nervous System Flashcards
What are the 2 categories of NS?
CNS and PNS
What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?
ANS and SNS
What are the 2 subdivisions of the ANS
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Membranous coverings of brain and spinal cord
Meninges
What are the 4 meningeal layers covering the brain?
- Dura mater- outermost
- Arachnoid memb. attached to dura mater
- Subarachnoid space
- Pia Mater
What are the 2 types of nervous tissue?
- Neurons
2. Neuroglia
What are the 2 categories of neurolial nervous tissues?
CNS and PNS
What are the 4 types of Neuroglia cells are located in the CNS?
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendroglia
- Microglial cells
- Ependymal cells
What are the 2 types of Neuroglia cells located in the PNS?
- Schwaan cells
2. Satellite cells
The _____ matter is formed by dense accumulations of myelinated axons.
White
The _____ matter is rich in neuronal cell bodies, glial cells, and neuropil.
Gray
The axons, dendrites, and cytoplasmic projections of glial cells that form the background matrix within the gray matter.
Neuropil
T/F White matter is central in the spinal cord and peripheral in the brain.
F Peripheral in SC and Central in Brain
The functional cells of the NS
Neurons
What are the 2 properties of neurons?
- Irritability (generation of impulse)
2. Conductivity (ability to transmit impulse)
T/F All neurons are located entirely in the CNS
F. Can be entirely w/i the CNS or entirely or partially w/i PNS
Provide support and the myelin sheath to axons w/i the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
T/F Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths for several axons at once?
T
What are the 3 functions of Microglia?
- immunosurveillance
- immunoregulation
- Reparative (phagocytic)
Microglial cells that are globular and swollen after having phagocytized debris from injured cells
Gitter Cells
What are the 2 origins of the CNS?
- Ectodermal
2. Mesodermal
What components of the CNS are of Ectodermal origin?
- Neurons
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
What components of the CNS are of Mesodermal origin?
- Microglia
2. Vascular endothelium
What is another name for the body of a neuron?
Perikaryon
What are the 4 ways neurons are distributed throughout the body?
- Individually
- Layers
- Ganglia (PNS)
- Nuclei (CNS)
What is the ageing pigment found in neurons
Lipofuscin
What are the 3 parts of a synapse?
- Presynaptic part
- Intersynaptic cleft
- Post synaptic part
What do the synaptic vesicles contain in a stimulatory synapse?
Acetylcholine
What do the synaptic vesicles contain in an inhibitory synapse?
GABA
The supporting cels within the brain
Neuroglia
What are the two types of astrocytes?
- Protoplasmic (grey matter)
2. Fibrillar (white matter)
What are the 3 functions of astrocytes?
- Transport of nutrients
- Part of BBB
- Antigen presentation
What is the main function of oligodendrocytes?
develop and maintain myelin in CNS
Resident macrophage of CNS
Microglial cells
When microglial cells are activated during necrosis or inflammation they are called _____
Gitter cells
Cells that cover the papillary projections within the lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, and 4th ventricle
Ependymal cells
T/F some ependymal cells are ciliated?
T. ependymal cells lining the central canal have cilia to help the circulation of CSF
Transudate, formed by capillaries and ependymal cells, that nourishes CNS tissues and acts as a cushion
CSF
The total volume of CSF is formed and renewed ___ times a day
3
What are the 4 layers of the Cerebellum?
- molecular layer
- ganglionic cell layer
- granular cell layer
- white matter core
What is the aditional layer of the cerebellum found in fetuses called?
External granular cell layer
A collection of neurons in the CNS having a common function
Nucleus
Collections of Axons/Dendrites outside CNS
Nerves
Collections of neuronal cell bodies and processes found outside CNS
Ganglia
What are the 4 cell types of ganglion?
- neurons
- neuroglial cells
- schwann cells
- Endothelial cells
What are the 2 types of ganglia?
- Sensory
2. Autonomic
Situated between the inner and outer longitudinal layers of the tunica muscularis, helps control peristaltic movement of the GI tract
Myenteric Plexus