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Micro Anatomy > Exam 1 Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Exam 1 Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of Cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline Cartilage
  2. Elastic Cartilage
  3. Fibrocartilage
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2
Q

Small aggrigation of chondrocytes embeded in an amorphous matrix of ground substance reinforced by collagen type II fibers

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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3
Q

where is Hyaline cartilage located?

A

axial and appendicular skeleton, growth plate, articular cartilage, nose, larynx, tracheal rings, bronchi

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4
Q

what is articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage located on the articular surface of bones

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5
Q

characteristics of elastic cartilage

A
  1. contains perichondrium, chondroblasts, and chondrocytes
  2. abundant elastic fibers
  3. flexible
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6
Q

where is elastic cartilage found?

A

larynx, epiglottis, auditory canal, pinna of ear

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7
Q

characteristics of fibrocartilage

A
  1. no perichondrium
  2. contains chondrocytes and lacunae
  3. type 1 collagenous fibers
  4. support and strength
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8
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

intervertebral discs, menisci, insertions of tendons, andibular symphysis, pubic symphysis

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of bone?

A
  1. woven (immature) Bone

2. Lamellar (mature) Bone

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10
Q

type of bone that is present during fetal development

A

woven bone

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11
Q

type of bone composed of successive concentric layers of bone around central canal containing blood vessels and nerves

A

Lamellar bone

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12
Q

T/F Woven bones contains collagen fibers arranged in parallel pattern?

A

F, Fibers randomly arranged

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13
Q

T/F Lamellar bone contains collagen fibers arranged in parallel pattern

A

T

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14
Q

What are Mesenchymal cells

A

stem cells of bone and cartilage

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15
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

zone of condensed connective tissue containing elongated fusiform cells that resemble fibroblasts
have cartilage forming potential
give rise to chondroblasts

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16
Q

what is ground substance composed of?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

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17
Q

what are proteoglycans?

A

GAGs bound to protein

responsible for the strong flexible property of cartilage

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18
Q

what are chondrocytes?

A

Mature cells of cartilage

have active role in synthesis of ground substance and fibrous elements of cartilage matrix

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19
Q

what is the cartilage matrix made of?

A
  1. Collagen fibers
  2. elastic fibers
  3. proteoglycans
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20
Q

what is the territorial matrix?

A

the portion of the ECM surrounding each chondrocyte

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21
Q

two types of cartilage growth

A
  1. interstitial growth

2. appositional growth

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22
Q

growth from within the cartilage

A

interstitial growth

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23
Q

growth at the periphery of the cartilage

A

appositional growth

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24
Q

what is the classification of cartilage based upon?

A

amount of collagen or elastic fibers present within the ECM

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25
Q

what is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

26
Q

the matrix of hyaline cartilage is made up of

A
  1. GAGs
  2. hyaluronic acid
  3. glycoprotein (chondronectin)
  4. type II collagenous fibrils
27
Q

T/F Articular cartilage does not have perichondrium?

A

T

28
Q

T/F fibrocartilage has ability to regenerate damaged cells?

A

F, No Perichondrium

29
Q

Fibrocartilage contains type ____ mcollagenous fibers

A

1

30
Q

what are fibrocytes

A

Innactive fibroblasts

31
Q

what are the 4 functions of bones?

A
  1. support and protection
  2. shape and movement
  3. calcium reserve
  4. calcium homeostasis
32
Q

what is osteoid

A

cells and organic ECM containing primarily glycoproteins and collagen fibers

33
Q

what type of collagen is bone mainly made up of?

A

type 1

34
Q

what is bone inorganic matrix made up of?

A

hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibrils

35
Q

what is the main mineral in bone

A

calcium phosphate

36
Q

produces collagen fibers for bone

A

osteoblasts

37
Q

embeded in collagen fibers and serve as a carrier for minerals

A

proteoglycans

38
Q

a fibrous connective tissue layer that covers the external surface of bones

A

periosteum

39
Q

the inner delicate connective tissue surface of the bone

A

Endosteum

40
Q

4 functions of osteoblasts

A
  1. Matrix formation
  2. secrete type 1 collagen
  3. Regulate mineralization
  4. Differentiate to become osteocytes
41
Q

Where are osteoblasts located

A

external to osteoid matrix

42
Q

3 functions of osteocytes

A
  1. maintain bone matrix
  2. Extend filopodia through canaliculi
  3. form gap junctions with neighboring cells
43
Q

where are osteocytes found?

A

in the lacunae

44
Q

what is the function of osteoclasts

A

digest bone and play role in Ca homeostasis

45
Q

where do osteoclasts originate from?

A

pluripotent stem cell of bone marrow

46
Q

where do osteoblasts originate from?

A

osteoprogenitor cells

47
Q

T/F osteocytes are mature cells incapable of undergoing mitosis?

A

T

48
Q

What is Howship’s Lacunae?

A

Small cavity where osteoclasts are found

49
Q

2 forms of bone formation

A
  1. intramembranous ossification

2. endochondral ossification

50
Q

bone formation that occurs within membranes of condensed primitive mesenchymal tissue

A

intramembranous ossification

51
Q

bone formation that occurs in the majority of bones of the skeleton

A

Endochondral ossification

52
Q

bone formation where bone develops from a cartilaginous model that is subsequently replaced by osseus tissue at the ossification center

A

endochondral ossification

53
Q

what are osteons

A

the functional unit of mature bone

54
Q

what is the haversian canal?

A

canal at the center of each osteon, where arteries and veins are located

55
Q

which type of stain is used to show canaliculi and lacunae in bone

A

India Ink

56
Q

What is Volkman’s Canal?

A

Canal that links neighboring Haversian Canals together

57
Q

Bone formation and resorption are influenced by:

A
  1. PTH
  2. Vitamin D deficiency
  3. Hormones
  4. Genetics
58
Q

why is PTH relevant in bone formation

A

Can inc. the recruitment and activity of osteoclasts

59
Q

what is the synovial joint

A

joint cavity between two movable bones

60
Q

T/F synovial cells are epithelial cells

A

F, specialized connective tissue, lack Basement Memb.

61
Q

what are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Lubrication
  3. Protection

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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