Exam 1 Cartilage and Bone Flashcards
What are the 3 types of Cartilage
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
Small aggrigation of chondrocytes embeded in an amorphous matrix of ground substance reinforced by collagen type II fibers
Hyaline Cartilage
where is Hyaline cartilage located?
axial and appendicular skeleton, growth plate, articular cartilage, nose, larynx, tracheal rings, bronchi
what is articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage located on the articular surface of bones
characteristics of elastic cartilage
- contains perichondrium, chondroblasts, and chondrocytes
- abundant elastic fibers
- flexible
where is elastic cartilage found?
larynx, epiglottis, auditory canal, pinna of ear
characteristics of fibrocartilage
- no perichondrium
- contains chondrocytes and lacunae
- type 1 collagenous fibers
- support and strength
Where is fibrocartilage found?
intervertebral discs, menisci, insertions of tendons, andibular symphysis, pubic symphysis
what are the 2 types of bone?
- woven (immature) Bone
2. Lamellar (mature) Bone
type of bone that is present during fetal development
woven bone
type of bone composed of successive concentric layers of bone around central canal containing blood vessels and nerves
Lamellar bone
T/F Woven bones contains collagen fibers arranged in parallel pattern?
F, Fibers randomly arranged
T/F Lamellar bone contains collagen fibers arranged in parallel pattern
T
What are Mesenchymal cells
stem cells of bone and cartilage
What is perichondrium?
zone of condensed connective tissue containing elongated fusiform cells that resemble fibroblasts
have cartilage forming potential
give rise to chondroblasts
what is ground substance composed of?
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
what are proteoglycans?
GAGs bound to protein
responsible for the strong flexible property of cartilage
what are chondrocytes?
Mature cells of cartilage
have active role in synthesis of ground substance and fibrous elements of cartilage matrix
what is the cartilage matrix made of?
- Collagen fibers
- elastic fibers
- proteoglycans
what is the territorial matrix?
the portion of the ECM surrounding each chondrocyte
two types of cartilage growth
- interstitial growth
2. appositional growth
growth from within the cartilage
interstitial growth
growth at the periphery of the cartilage
appositional growth
what is the classification of cartilage based upon?
amount of collagen or elastic fibers present within the ECM
what is the most abundant type of cartilage?
Hyaline
the matrix of hyaline cartilage is made up of
- GAGs
- hyaluronic acid
- glycoprotein (chondronectin)
- type II collagenous fibrils
T/F Articular cartilage does not have perichondrium?
T
T/F fibrocartilage has ability to regenerate damaged cells?
F, No Perichondrium
Fibrocartilage contains type ____ mcollagenous fibers
1
what are fibrocytes
Innactive fibroblasts
what are the 4 functions of bones?
- support and protection
- shape and movement
- calcium reserve
- calcium homeostasis
what is osteoid
cells and organic ECM containing primarily glycoproteins and collagen fibers
what type of collagen is bone mainly made up of?
type 1
what is bone inorganic matrix made up of?
hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibrils
what is the main mineral in bone
calcium phosphate
produces collagen fibers for bone
osteoblasts
embeded in collagen fibers and serve as a carrier for minerals
proteoglycans
a fibrous connective tissue layer that covers the external surface of bones
periosteum
the inner delicate connective tissue surface of the bone
Endosteum
4 functions of osteoblasts
- Matrix formation
- secrete type 1 collagen
- Regulate mineralization
- Differentiate to become osteocytes
Where are osteoblasts located
external to osteoid matrix
3 functions of osteocytes
- maintain bone matrix
- Extend filopodia through canaliculi
- form gap junctions with neighboring cells
where are osteocytes found?
in the lacunae
what is the function of osteoclasts
digest bone and play role in Ca homeostasis
where do osteoclasts originate from?
pluripotent stem cell of bone marrow
where do osteoblasts originate from?
osteoprogenitor cells
T/F osteocytes are mature cells incapable of undergoing mitosis?
T
What is Howship’s Lacunae?
Small cavity where osteoclasts are found
2 forms of bone formation
- intramembranous ossification
2. endochondral ossification
bone formation that occurs within membranes of condensed primitive mesenchymal tissue
intramembranous ossification
bone formation that occurs in the majority of bones of the skeleton
Endochondral ossification
bone formation where bone develops from a cartilaginous model that is subsequently replaced by osseus tissue at the ossification center
endochondral ossification
what are osteons
the functional unit of mature bone
what is the haversian canal?
canal at the center of each osteon, where arteries and veins are located
which type of stain is used to show canaliculi and lacunae in bone
India Ink
What is Volkman’s Canal?
Canal that links neighboring Haversian Canals together
Bone formation and resorption are influenced by:
- PTH
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Hormones
- Genetics
why is PTH relevant in bone formation
Can inc. the recruitment and activity of osteoclasts
what is the synovial joint
joint cavity between two movable bones
T/F synovial cells are epithelial cells
F, specialized connective tissue, lack Basement Memb.
what are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?
- Nutrition
- Lubrication
- Protection
