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Micro Anatomy > Exam 3 Blood and Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Exam 3 Blood and Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of blood?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Temp. regulation
  3. Water balance
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2
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of blood contents?

A
  1. plasma (60%)

2. formed elements (40%)

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3
Q

What are the 3 components of plasma?

A
  1. Water (90%)
  2. Proteins (8%)
  3. Other solutes (2%)
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4
Q

What is the diff. between plasma and serum?

A

plasma is found in vasculature and serum lacks coagulation proteins (fibrinogen)

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5
Q

What are the 3 major formed elements found in blood?

A
  1. RBC
  2. WBC
  3. Platelets
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6
Q

What is the most numerous formed element in blood?

A

RBC

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7
Q

what are the 2 functions of RBCs?

A
  1. Carry O2 to tissue and Co2 to lungs

2. Involved in acid-base homeostasis

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8
Q

the size of RBCs are measured in ____

A

Femtoliters (fL)

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9
Q

T/F. RBC lifespan is about the same between all species?

A

F. varies by size

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10
Q

What is different about caprine RBCs?

A

Can have spherical shape

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11
Q

______ are sickle-shped RBCs that form after O2 exposure in Deer.

A

Drepanocytes

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12
Q

Why are camelid erythrocyes oval?

A

to prevent RBCs from bursting after gorging themselves with water after long periods without water.

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13
Q

What are polychromatophils?

A

RBCs that are 1 stage back in development

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14
Q

T/F. It is abnormal in mammals to find nucleated RBCs?

A

T

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15
Q

What are the least numerous cells found in formed blood?

A

Leukocytes

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16
Q

What is the function of WBCs?

A

inflammation and the immune response

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17
Q

What are the 2 major categories of WBCs?

A
  1. Myeloid

2. Lymphoid

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18
Q

What are the 4 types of Myeloid WBCs?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
  4. Monocytes
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19
Q

What is the 1 type of lymphoid WBC?

A

Lymphocytes

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20
Q

What are the most numerous WBCs

A

Neutrophils

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21
Q

What is the function of Neutrophils

A

Innate immunity

Phagocytic and killing cells

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22
Q

What are neutrophils in rabbits, guinea pigs, birds, reptiles, and amphibians called?

A

Heterophils

23
Q

What do monocytes differentiate into when in tissue?

A

Macrophages

24
Q

What are the 3 functions of monocytes?

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Antigen presentation to T-lymohocytes
  3. iron storage and recycling
25
Q

What is Mononuclear Phagocytic System (MPS) comprised of?

A
  1. Circulating monocytes

2. Tissue macrophages

26
Q

What is the main function of eosinophils?

A

Modulate Delayed and immediate type hypersensitivity reactions.

27
Q

Which Type of WBC defends an animal against helminthic parasites?

A

Eosinophils

28
Q

What is the least numerous WBC in blood?

29
Q

What would an inc. number of Basophils mean?

A

Parasitic infestations and allergic reactions

30
Q

Which WBC contains Histamine?

31
Q

What is the second most numerous cell population in blood?

A

Lymphocytes

32
Q

What is the main function of lymphocytes?

A

immune response

33
Q

What are the 4 main subpopulations of lymphocytes?

A
  1. small lymphocytes
  2. large granular lymphocytes
  3. reactive lymphocytes
  4. plasma cells
34
Q

What are the 2 main functions of platelets?

A
  1. primary hemostasis (clotting)

2. Role in the primary inflammatory response

35
Q

Which type of stain is able to distinguish between blood cells?

A

Romanowsky stain

36
Q

What are other names for romanowsky stain?

A

wrights, may-frimwald

37
Q

What are the 2 standard stains used in Romanowsky stain?

A

eosin and methylene

38
Q

What are the two types of bone marrow?

A

Red marrown and yellow marrow

39
Q

What are the 2 main functions of red marrow?

A
  1. Produces all blood cells

2. stores iron

40
Q

What is Yellow marrow?

A

Fatty tissue that replaces red marrow in aging animals

41
Q

What are the 4 components of bone marrow?

A
  1. sinusoids
  2. stromal cells
  3. cells
  4. macrophages
42
Q

What is the function of stromal cells?

A

Support structure of bone marrow

43
Q

The process where specialized cellular precursors develop into highly differentiated cells of peripheral blood.

A

Hematopoiesis

44
Q

What are the 3 sites of postnatal hematopoiesis?

A
  1. bone marrow
  2. Liver
  3. spleen
45
Q

What are the 4 clinically relevent sites of hematopoiesis in bone bone marrow?

A
  1. femur
  2. humerus
  3. pelvis
  4. sternum
46
Q

What are the last 3 stages of erythropoiesis?

A
  1. metarubricyte
  2. Polychromatophil
  3. RBC
47
Q

What are the 3 cell types that can be formed in granulopoiesis?

A
  1. eosinophils
  2. Segmented neutrophil
  3. Basophil
48
Q

Where does granulopoiesis occur?

A

Bone marrow

49
Q

What regulates granulopoiesis?

A

CSF and inflammatory cytokines

50
Q

What does monopoiesis create?

51
Q

What is thrombopoiesis?

A

formation of platelets

52
Q

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

A

In the Bone marrow of Bursa of fabricius

53
Q

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

54
Q

What is lymphopoiesis?

A

Creates B and T lymphocytes

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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