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Micro Anatomy > Final Exam Digestive part 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam Digestive part 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Accumulation of Saliva forming a fluid filled mass adjacent to a ruptured salivary duct

A

Sialocele

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2
Q

Liquid secreted by Salivary glands

A

Saliva

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3
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  1. digestion
  2. Provide moisture & lubrication
  3. Local immunity
  4. Cooling/evaporating
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4
Q

What is saliva composed of?

A
  1. Water
  2. Salts
  3. Mucin
  4. enzymes
  5. IgA
  6. Lactoferrin
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5
Q

How are salivary glands divided?

A
  1. Major salivary glands

2. minor salivary glands

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6
Q

What are the major salivary glands?

A

parotid, sublingual, submandibular

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7
Q

What are the minor salivary glands?

A

lingual, palatal, labial, buccal, zygomatic, molar

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8
Q

What are the 2 main components of Large salivary glands?

A

Stroma and parenchyma

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the stroma of large salivary gland

A

Support

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10
Q

what is contained in the stroma of large salivary glands?

A

blood and lymph vessels

nerves and ganglia

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11
Q

What are the 2 parts of the parenchyma found in large salivary glands?

A
  1. Secretory units

2. Ducts

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12
Q

What are the secretory units found in large salivary glands?

A

Adenomeres

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13
Q

What types of secretion do the ssecretary units of large salivary glands secrete?

A
  1. serous
  2. mucous
  3. mixed
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14
Q

What are the 3 types of ducts found in large salivary glands?

A
  1. intercalated
  2. intralobular
  3. striated intralobular
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15
Q

Largest visceral organ of the body

A

Liver

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16
Q

What are the 2 blood supplies for the liver sinusoids?

A
  1. portal vein

2. hepatic artery

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17
Q

What is included in the portal triad in the liver?

A
  1. hepatic artery
  2. portal vein
  3. branch of bile duct
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18
Q

What covers the lobes of the liver?

A

mesothelium/Capsule of Glisson

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19
Q

What is the mesothlium covering the liver called?

A

The capsule of glisson

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20
Q

Parenchymal cells arranged in plates with adjacent sinusoids in the liver

A

Hepatocytes

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21
Q

How are liver plates organized?

A

Hepatic lobes

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22
Q

Brings blood from the intestine to the liver

A

Portal vein

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23
Q

why is the portal vein imortant?

A

brings nutrient rich blood from intestine to liver

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24
Q

How are complex lipids transported to the liver

A

Lymph vessels

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25
Q

T/F bile is an endocrine secretion of the liver?

A

F. Exocrine secretion

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26
Q

Why is bile important?

A

Digestion

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27
Q

What are the 2 poles of a hepatocyte?

A
  1. Bile pole

2. Vascular pole

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28
Q

site of exchange between blood and hepatocyte in liver?

A

Space of Disse

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29
Q

a thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes.

A

Bile canaliculus

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30
Q

major functional unit of liver

A

Hepatocytes

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31
Q

Where blood comes in and out of hepatocyte

A

Vascular pole

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32
Q

Where bile is secreted from hepatocyte

A

Bile pole

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33
Q

What type of endothelial does liver have?

A

Fenestrated?

Not sure if correct

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34
Q

What is the function of hepatocytes?

A

Storage of metabolites/energy

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35
Q

Carbohydrates and Lipids are stored in the liver in the form of _______ and _______

A

Triglycerides and glycogen

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36
Q

In which direction does blood flow in the sinusoids of the liver?

A

toward the central vein

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37
Q

macrophages located adjacent to sinusoids in liver?

A

Kupffer cells

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38
Q

In which direction does bile flow in the sinusoids of the liver?

A

opp. blood in direction of bile ductules withing the portal triads

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39
Q

what is the classic liver lobule?

A

Hepatic lobule

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40
Q

What is another name for mononuclear macrophage system?

A

RES- Reticulo Endothelial System

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41
Q

Macrophages in Loose contective tissue

A

Histiocytes

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42
Q

Macrophages in lungs

A

Alveolar macrophages

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43
Q

Vascular flow pattern between lobules

A

Hepatic Acinus

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44
Q

Describe Hepatic Acinus

A

Flow begins at triad and flows towards central veins via sinusoidal capillaries

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45
Q

What are the 3 zones of the hepatic Acinus

A
  1. zone 1
  2. zone 2
  3. zone 3
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46
Q

Describe zone 1 of hepatic Acinus

A

1 high O2

  1. High nutrients
  2. High pathogen exposure
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47
Q

Describe zone 2 of hepatic Acinus

A
  1. Moderate O2
  2. moderate nutrients
  3. moderate pathogen exposure
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48
Q

Describe zone 3 of hepatic acinus

A
  1. Low O2
  2. Low nutrients
  3. Low pathogen exposure
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49
Q

Organ that accepts bile from cystic duct for storage

A

Gallbladder

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50
Q

what surrounds the gallbladder?

A

Tunica serosa

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51
Q

T/F the pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine function?

A

T

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52
Q

what are the secretory units of the exocrine pancreas?

A

tubuloacinar secretory units

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53
Q

Where do the tubuloacinar units in the pancreas drain?

A

into intercalated ducts

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54
Q

What are the secretory units of the endocrine pancreas?

A

Islets of langerhan

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55
Q

What are the 2 main components of the pancreas?

A
  1. Stroma

2. Parenchyma

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56
Q

What is the stroma of the pancreas made up of?

A

vessels, lymph, nerves

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57
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles

A

Nerves in the pancreas that are more prominent in cats

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58
Q

What are the 2 parencyma types in the pancreas?

A
  1. endocrine

2. exocrine

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59
Q

T/F. the pancreas has more of an encocrine function that an exocrine function

A

F. more exocrine

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60
Q

What are the 2 parts of the exocrine pancreas?

A
  1. Secratory part

2. ducts

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61
Q

what is the secretory part of the exocrine pancreas?

A

Acini

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62
Q

What are the 2 components of the acini found in the pancreas?

A
  1. acinar cell

2. centroacinar cells

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63
Q

What are the 2 types of ducts found in the pancreas

A
  1. intralobular without striations
  2. intralobular with striations
  3. extrapancreatic ducts
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64
Q

What are the 5 functions of the GI system

A
  1. Prehension
  2. Mechanical and enzymatidc breakdown
  3. Absorption
  4. Synthesis/ secretion
  5. excretion of waste material
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65
Q

What lines the the Gi tract from the lips to the non- glandular stomach

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

66
Q

What lines the glandular stomach and the intestine

A

Simple columnar epithelium

67
Q

What are the 5 parts of the oral cavity

A

lips, cheeks, palate, pharynx, tongue

68
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?

A

strat squam

69
Q

T/F the submucosa of the oral cavity is missing?

A

T

70
Q

What is different about the oral cavity of ruminants?

A

have dental pad

71
Q

What type of epithelium covers the tongue

A

strat. squam

72
Q

What covers the dorsal aspect of the tongue

A

papillae

73
Q

What are the 2 types of papillae located on the tongue

A

mechanical and gustatory

74
Q

What is the main component of the tongue?

A

Skeletal muscle

75
Q

How is the skeletal muscle of the tongue arranged?

A

3 directions

  1. longitudinal
  2. transversal
  3. vertical
76
Q

Layer of strat. squam epithelium covering the tongue

A

tunica mucosa

77
Q

What are the 2 parts of a tooth?

A
  1. hard structures

2. soft tissues

78
Q

What cells produce the enamel that covers the external surface of teeth

A

ameloblasts

79
Q

What are the layers of a tooth

A
  1. enamel
  2. dentin
  3. cementum
  4. pulp
80
Q

What cells produce dentin?

A

odontoblasts

81
Q

what are the soft tissues of the tooth

A

Pulp and peridontal lig.

82
Q

What are the 3 parts of the tooth?

A
  1. Crown
  2. Neck
  3. Root
83
Q

What cells make up the enamel?

A

Ameloblasts

84
Q

What cells make up the Dentin

A

Ondontoblast

85
Q

What types of cells make up cementum

A

Cementoblasts

86
Q

What is tooth pulp composed of?

A

Loose connective tissue and nerves

87
Q

What are the 4 tunics of the digestive organs

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
88
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosal layer covering the digestive organs

A
  1. inner epithelium
  2. middle lamina propria
  3. thin outer muscularis mucosae
89
Q

What are the 2 layers of the muscularis layer covering the digestive organs.

A
  1. inner circular

2. outer longitudinal

90
Q

What lines the tunica serosa

A

Mesothelium

91
Q

What is the submucosal layer made up of?

A

loose connective tissue, may also contain glands, vessels, nerves and lymph nodes

92
Q

What is the purpose of the submucosa?

A

Facilitates motility of the mucosa

93
Q

What is the purpose of the tunica muscularis

A

controls the lumen size

94
Q

Two autonomic nervous system divisions in the same location in enteric wall

A

Plexus

95
Q

The most external tunic covering organs

A

Tunica serosa

96
Q

What type of epithelium covers the esophagus

A

strat. squam

97
Q

T/F the esophagus has mucous glands.

A

T

98
Q

What are the 2 diff. areas of the stomach?

A
  1. non glandular/Cutaneous

2. glandular

99
Q

What is the junction between the glandular and non-glandular parts of the stomach called?

A

Margo Plicatus

100
Q

What are the 3 diff. types of stomachs animals may have?

A
  1. simple
  2. compound
  3. composite
101
Q

What is a simple stomach

A

carnivores and humans have

glandular mucosa only

102
Q

What is a compound stomach

A

Found in ruminants

non glandular mucosa in forestomach and glandular stomach

103
Q

What are the 4 parts of the compound stomach

A
  1. rumen
  2. reticulum
  3. omasum
    4 abomasum
104
Q

What is the true stomach in ruminants

A

Abomasum

105
Q

what is a composite stomach

A

found in pigs and horses

has glandular and cutaneous mucous membranes

106
Q

What type of epithelium lines the compartments of the compound stomach

A

strat. squam

107
Q

Which compartment of the compound stomach is the largest?

A

Rumen

108
Q

Which compartment of the compound stomach has a honeycomb pattern?

A

Reticulum

109
Q

Which compartment of the compound stomach is called the butcher’s bible b/c of the many plies?

A

Omasum

110
Q

What is the function of the rumen and reticulum

A

mixing, absortion, erucation, regurgitation,

111
Q

what is the function of the omasum?

A

squeezes ingesta, liquefies and moves it to abomasum for further diestion

112
Q

What are the 3 glandular regions of the stomach found in domestic animals?

A
  1. cardiac
  2. fundic
  3. pyloric
113
Q

Which region of the stomach is closest to the esophagus

A

Cardiac

114
Q

Invagination of lining epithelium in the stomach?

A

Gastric pits

115
Q

What is the cardiac region of the stomach composed of?

A

mucous glands

116
Q

What is the fundic region of the stomach composed of?

A

proper gastric glands

117
Q

What are the 3 types of gastric glands found in the stomach?

A
  1. Cardiac glands
  2. proper gastric glands (fundic glands0
  3. pyloric glands
118
Q

What cell type lines the stomach glands?

A

simple columnar

119
Q

What cell types are found in the fundic region of the stomach along with the glands?

A
  1. parietal cells

2. chief/peptic cells

120
Q

What do parietal cells produce?

A

hydrochloric acid

121
Q

What do chief cells in the stomach produce

A

Pepsinogen

122
Q

What hormone is produced in the pyloric region of the stomach

A

Gastrin

123
Q

What do chief cells produce in infants?

A

Chymosin

124
Q

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
125
Q

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine

A
  1. caecum
  2. colon
  3. Rectum
126
Q

What cells line the small and large intestines?

A

simple columnar with goblet cells

127
Q

T/F. as you move from small to large intestine the number of goblet cells dec.?

A

F. they increase

128
Q

T/F As you move from small intestine to large the height of the microvili inc.?

A

F. they Dec.

129
Q

T/F there are submucosal glands present in the duodenum?

A

T

130
Q

Where in the digestive tract are villi found?

A

Small intestine

131
Q

What lies at the base of villi in the sm. intestine?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

132
Q

What is found at the center of the villi?

A

Lacteals

133
Q

What gland is found in the submucosa of the duodenum?

A

Brunner’s

134
Q

Blind ended lymphatic vessels in intestinal villi

A

Lacteals

135
Q

What is the name for the substance that filters through intestinal lymph nodes

A

Chyle

136
Q

Aggregations of lymphoid nodules present in the lamina propria and submucosa of the small intestine

A

Peyer’s Patches

137
Q

What part of the intestine can peyers patches be found?

A

distal jejunum and ileum

138
Q

Where are paneth cells located?

A

near the crypt

139
Q

what is the function of paneth cells

A

secretory and phagocytic functions

produce cryptdin and lysins

140
Q

Where are enteroendocrine cells found?

A

in the crypts

141
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells produce?

A

Serotonin, glucoinsulotropic peptide, catecholamines and more

142
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorb water and secrete mucus

143
Q

T/F the large intestine does not contain villi

A

T

144
Q

What are the flat bands of smooth muscle and elastic fibers in horse and pig large intestine called

A

Taenia coli

145
Q

T/F the large intestine contains cyrpts of Lieberkuhn

A

T

146
Q

Which part of GI tract has both villi and intestinal glands also known as rypts of lieberkuhn

A

Sm intestine

147
Q

Which part of GI tract has no villi, surface is smooth, only crypts of lieberkuhn are present

A

Large intestine

148
Q

Which part of GI tract contains Brunner’s glands in the tunica submucosa

A

Duodenum

149
Q

Which part of GI tract contains payers patches in tela submucosa

A

Ileum

150
Q

What type of epithelium lines the anal canal?

A

Strat. squam

151
Q

T/F the strat. squam epithelium lining the Anus is keritinized

A

T

152
Q

stores feces and secretes mucus?

A

Rectum

153
Q

What is the rectum called in birds and reptiles

A

cloaca

154
Q

What are the 3 diff. glandular regions of the anus?

A
  1. anal glands
  2. Anal Sac Glands
  3. Circumanal glands
155
Q

Where do anal glands empty?

A

Lumen of anus

156
Q

Where do Anal Sac glands empty?

A

into anal sacs

157
Q

where are anal sacs located

A

Between the inner smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter and the outer skeletal muscle

158
Q

what type of glands are anal sacs in dogs?

A

tubular sweat glands

159
Q

What type of glands are anal sacs in the cat?

A

sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands

160
Q

Where are circumanal glands found?

A

near the subcutis around the anus indogs

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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