Exam 2 Cardiac Muscle

Question 1

3 Layers of cardiac muscle

Answer 1

1. Endocardium
2. Myocardium
3. Epicardium

Question 2

Endothelial lining of the heart chambers

Answer 2

Endocardium

Question 3

Where are purkinje fibers?

Answer 3

found in endocardium

Question 4

Cardiac muscle mass

Answer 4

Myocardium

Question 5

Formed by a single layer of flattened epithelial cells, the mesothelium, supported by connective tissue including fat

Answer 5

Epicardium

Question 6

Which layer of the cardiac muscle covers the surface of the valves?

Answer 6

Endocardium

Question 7

2 layers of perichardial sac

Answer 7

1. parietal pericardium

2. visceral pericardium (same as epicardiium)

Question 8

What is another name for cardiac muscle?

Answer 8

Myocardium

Question 9

Which type of intercalated discs does myocardium contain?

Answer 9

Gap Junctions, Anchoring junctions

Question 10

What type of pigment does cardiac muscle contain?

Answer 10

Lipofuscin

Question 11

Is Myocardium Aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 11

Aerobic

Question 12

The outer surface of the Heart.

Answer 12

Epicardium

Question 13

What is the cardiac skeleton?

Answer 13

Consists of 4 dense bands of fibrous CT that encircles the base of the pulmonary trunk, aorta and the AV valves

Provides structural support

Question 14

What is the fibrous trigon?

Answer 14

triangular mass of fibrous CT that connects the aortic arterial ring and the L and R atrioventricular rings

Question 15

What is the Os Cordis?

Answer 15

Fibrous trigon after undergoing osseous differentiation, seen mostly in cattle

Question 16

What are the 3 tunics covering large veins?

Answer 16

1. Tunica intima
2. Tunica media
3. tunica externa

Question 17

What is the tunica intima made of?

Answer 17

Endothelium, internal elastic membrane, subenothelial CT

Question 18

What is the Tunica Media made of?

Answer 18

Smooth muscle and elastic lamellae

Question 19

What is the Tunica Externa made of?

Answer 19

CT, principally Collagen, may contain blood vessels, nerves and capillaries

Question 20

What is the purpose of vascular endothelium?

Answer 20

1. Hemostasis
2. Modulates perfusion
3. Inflamation

Question 21

What are the 3 tunics of the Elastic Artery?

Answer 21

1. tunica media
2. tunica intima
3. tunica adventitia

Question 22

What is vasa vasorum

Answer 22

located in the tunica adventitia of arteries, it assists in supplying nutritional needs of thick tunica media

Question 23

In muscular arteries the tunica media is primarily made of_______

Answer 23

smooth muscle

Question 24

Which layer in Muscular arteries is the thickest?

Answer 24

Tunica media

Question 25

T/F Arterioles are made of cardiac muscle and have the greatest effect on blood pressure?

Answer 25

F Smooth muscle

Question 26

Mesenchymal-like cells that wrap around capillaries and venules and communicate with endothelial cells by physical contact and paracrine signaling

Answer 26

Pericytes (rouget cells)

Question 27

T/F Pericytes have their own basal lamina

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Thin walled tubules of mesencymal origin. represent the site of exchange between blood and surrounding tissue

Answer 28

Capillaries

Question 29

What are the 3 classifications of capillaries

Answer 29

1. continuous 2. fenestrated 3. discontinuous

Question 30

where are continuous capillaries found?

Answer 30

Muscle, brain, bone, lung

Question 31

Where are Fenestrted c apillaries found?

Answer 31

Intestinal villi, choroid plexus Tissues with lots of fluid exchange

Question 32

Where are Discontinuous Capillaries found?

Answer 32

Hepatic and splenic sinusoids

Question 33

A tightly coiled network of fenestrated capillaries responsible for the filtration of plasma

Answer 33

Renal corpuscule/glomerulus

Question 34

What are sinusoids?

Answer 34

Discontinued capillaries

Question 35

Very leaky vessels that contain no smooth muscle

Answer 35

Venules

Question 36

What are veins

Answer 36

Large, wide lumens with thin walls, valves may be present

Question 37

What is the thickest layer of a vein?

Answer 37

tunica adventitia

Question 38

T/F Lymphatic vessels have very thick walls b/c of high pressure?

Answer 38

Thin wall, low pressure

Question 39

______ pull endothelial cells apart so fluid may enter vessel

Answer 39

Anchoring Fibrils

Question 40

What are the 4 functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 40

1. Maintenance of blood flow 2. delivery of O2, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes 3. removal of CO2 and other waste 4. Maintenance of normal thermoregulation and GFR

Question 41

What is the normal vascular pattern?

Answer 41

Artery--Arteriole--Metarteriole--Capillaries--Venule--Vein

Question 42

The outer surface of the heart.

Answer 42

Epicardium

Question 43

Consists of 4 dense bands of fibrous connective tissue that enccircles the base of the pulmonary trunk, aorta, and the AV valves

Answer 43

Cardiac skeleton

Question 44

What is the function of the cardiac skeleton?

Answer 44

structural support for the heart

Question 45

What is the fibrous trigon?

Answer 45

triangular mass of fibrous connective tissue that connects the aortic arterial ring and the left and right atrioventricular ring

Question 46

What is the term for the fibrous trigon that undergoes osseous differentiation in the cow?

Answer 46

Os cordis

Question 47

What are the 3 tunics of vessesl?

Answer 47

1. Tunica intima 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica adventitia

Question 48

What are the 3 functions of vascular endothelium?

Answer 48

1. role in hemostasis 2. Modulates perfusion 3. Role in inflamation

Question 49

How does vascular endothelium modulate perfusion?

Answer 49

Nitric oxide(NO) relaxes and causes vasodilation and endothelin causes vasoconstriction

Question 50

How does vascular endothelium play a role in inflammation?

Answer 50

regulates the traffic of inflammatory cells by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines