Exam 2 Cardiac Muscle Flashcards
3 Layers of cardiac muscle
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium
Endothelial lining of the heart chambers
Endocardium
Where are purkinje fibers?
found in endocardium
Cardiac muscle mass
Myocardium
Formed by a single layer of flattened epithelial cells, the mesothelium, supported by connective tissue including fat
Epicardium
Which layer of the cardiac muscle covers the surface of the valves?
Endocardium
2 layers of perichardial sac
- parietal pericardium
2. visceral pericardium (same as epicardiium)
What is another name for cardiac muscle?
Myocardium
Which type of intercalated discs does myocardium contain?
Gap Junctions, Anchoring junctions
What type of pigment does cardiac muscle contain?
Lipofuscin
Is Myocardium Aerobic or anaerobic?
Aerobic
The outer surface of the Heart.
Epicardium
What is the cardiac skeleton?
Consists of 4 dense bands of fibrous CT that encircles the base of the pulmonary trunk, aorta and the AV valves
Provides structural support
What is the fibrous trigon?
triangular mass of fibrous CT that connects the aortic arterial ring and the L and R atrioventricular rings
What is the Os Cordis?
Fibrous trigon after undergoing osseous differentiation, seen mostly in cattle
What are the 3 tunics covering large veins?
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- tunica externa
What is the tunica intima made of?
Endothelium, internal elastic membrane, subenothelial CT
What is the Tunica Media made of?
Smooth muscle and elastic lamellae
What is the Tunica Externa made of?
CT, principally Collagen, may contain blood vessels, nerves and capillaries
What is the purpose of vascular endothelium?
- Hemostasis
- Modulates perfusion
- Inflamation
What are the 3 tunics of the Elastic Artery?
- tunica media
- tunica intima
- tunica adventitia
What is vasa vasorum
located in the tunica adventitia of arteries, it assists in supplying nutritional needs of thick tunica media
In muscular arteries the tunica media is primarily made of_______
smooth muscle
Which layer in Muscular arteries is the thickest?
Tunica media
T/F Arterioles are made of cardiac muscle and have the greatest effect on blood pressure?
F Smooth muscle
Mesenchymal-like cells that wrap around capillaries and venules and communicate with endothelial cells by physical contact and paracrine signaling
Pericytes (rouget cells)
T/F Pericytes have their own basal lamina
T
Thin walled tubules of mesencymal origin. represent the site of exchange between blood and surrounding tissue
Capillaries
What are the 3 classifications of capillaries
- continuous
- fenestrated
- discontinuous
where are continuous capillaries found?
Muscle, brain, bone, lung
Where are Fenestrted c apillaries found?
Intestinal villi, choroid plexus
Tissues with lots of fluid exchange
Where are Discontinuous Capillaries found?
Hepatic and splenic sinusoids
A tightly coiled network of fenestrated capillaries responsible for the filtration of plasma
Renal corpuscule/glomerulus
What are sinusoids?
Discontinued capillaries
Very leaky vessels that contain no smooth muscle
Venules
What are veins
Large, wide lumens with thin walls, valves may be present
What is the thickest layer of a vein?
tunica adventitia
T/F Lymphatic vessels have very thick walls b/c of high pressure?
Thin wall, low pressure
______ pull endothelial cells apart so fluid may enter vessel
Anchoring Fibrils
What are the 4 functions of the cardiovascular system?
- Maintenance of blood flow
- delivery of O2, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes
- removal of CO2 and other waste
- Maintenance of normal thermoregulation and GFR
What is the normal vascular pattern?
Artery–Arteriole–Metarteriole–Capillaries–Venule–Vein
The outer surface of the heart.
Epicardium
Consists of 4 dense bands of fibrous connective tissue that enccircles the base of the pulmonary trunk, aorta, and the AV valves
Cardiac skeleton
What is the function of the cardiac skeleton?
structural support for the heart
What is the fibrous trigon?
triangular mass of fibrous connective tissue that connects the aortic arterial ring and the left and right atrioventricular ring
What is the term for the fibrous trigon that undergoes osseous differentiation in the cow?
Os cordis
What are the 3 tunics of vessesl?
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica adventitia
What are the 3 functions of vascular endothelium?
- role in hemostasis
- Modulates perfusion
- Role in inflamation
How does vascular endothelium modulate perfusion?
Nitric oxide(NO) relaxes and causes vasodilation and endothelin causes vasoconstriction
How does vascular endothelium play a role in inflammation?
regulates the traffic of inflammatory cells by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines
