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Micro Anatomy > Exam 3 Endocrine > Flashcards

Exam 3 Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

The ductless gland system

A

Endocrine

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2
Q

What are the primary organs of the endocrine system

A
  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Pineal gland
  3. Thyroid gland
  4. Parathyroid gland
  5. Adrenal Gland
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3
Q

What are the major functions of the primary endocrine organs?

A

growth and developnent
internal environment
energy production, storage, and utilization
reproduction

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4
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of endocrine organs?

A
  1. epithelial
  2. ductless
  3. highly vascular
  4. controlled by hormones
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of hormones?

A
  1. proteins
  2. Amino acids
  3. Steroids
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6
Q

How do hormones reach their targets?

A

bloodstream

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7
Q

T/F. Hormones produce rapid, short-lived responses

A

F. Hormones produce slow, sustained responses

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8
Q

The portion of the brain that links the nervous system to the endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Hypothalamic nuclei control distant cells via hormones through 2 pathways:

A
  1. Production of releasing hormones- released into portal system to target cells in adenohypophysis
  2. hormones axonally transported and stored in neurohypophysis, then released into blood to target distant sites
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10
Q

What are the 2 hormones that are transported to and stored in the neurohypothesis from the hypothalamic nuclei?

A

ADA and Oxytocin

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11
Q

What is another name for the Anterior pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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12
Q

What is another name for the Posterior pituitary gland?

A

Neurohypophysis

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13
Q

What part of the pituitary gland is of epithelial origin? from the roof of the pharynx?

A

Adenohypophysis

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14
Q

What part of the pituitary gland is of neuroectodermal origin? from the diencephalon?

A

Neurohypophysis

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15
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Neurohypophysis?

A
  1. Pars nervosa
  2. Infundibular stalk
  3. Eminentia mediana
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16
Q

What do the cell bodies of large neurons in the hypothalamus nuclei produce?

A

ADH (vasopresin) and Oxytocin

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17
Q

Site along axons in the hypothalamus where hormones are accumulated

A

Herring bodies

ADH and Oxytocin

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18
Q

What are the 3 parts of the adenohypophysis?

A
  1. Pars Distalis
  2. Pars Intermedia
  3. Pars Tuberalis
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19
Q

Largest section of the anterior pituitary that secretes the majority of hormones.

A

Pars Distalis

20
Q

Which section of the Anterior pituitary is the source of melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A

Pars intermedia

21
Q

What are the 2 types of Acidophils found in the Pars Distalis?

A
  1. Somatotropes

2. Mammotropes

22
Q

What are the 3 types of Basophils found in the PArs Distalis?

A
  1. Thyrotropes
  2. Gonadotropes
  3. Adrenocorticotropes
23
Q

What is the main function of the epiphysis?

A

to regulate daily rhythms of bodily activity

24
Q

What are the secretory cells of the epiphysis?

A

pinealocytes

25
Q

What hormone is produced by pinealocytes?

A

Melatonin

26
Q

T/F Melatonin in mainly secreted during the day?

A

F Night

27
Q

What are long day breeders?

A

Animals, like horsed, that cycle when the days are getting longer.

Late spring, summer, early fall

28
Q

What are short day breeders?

A

Animals, like sheep, that cycle when days are getting shorter

Fall

29
Q

What do the follicles of the thyroid gland produce?

A

thyroglobulin

30
Q

What is the major function of the thyroid gland?

A

synthesis, iodination, proteolysis of thyroglobulin regulated by TSH

31
Q

What is another name for parafollicular cells

A

Clear cells

32
Q

What is the function of Parafollicular cells and where are they found?

A

Found in the thyroid gland

Secrete calcitonin, to reduce ca levels, in response to high blood calcium

33
Q

What are the target organs of parafollicular cells?

A

Bone and kidney

34
Q

What cells make up the parathyroid gland?

A

chief cells

35
Q

what hormone does the parathyroid gland produce? and what is its function

A

PTH, increases Ca

36
Q

T/F the separation of the medulla and cortex of the adrenal gland can only be seen in mammals?

A

T

37
Q

What does the cortex of the adrenal gland secrete?

A

corticosteroids

38
Q

What does the medulla of the adrenal gland secrete?

A

Catecholamines

39
Q

What are the 3 sections of the cortex of the adrenal gland? and what does each produce?

A
  1. Zona glomerulosa- mineralocoriticoids
  2. Zona Fasciculata-Glucocorticoids
  3. Zona Reticularis - Weak Androgens
40
Q

What are 2 common catecholamines produced by the medulla of the adrenal gland?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

41
Q

Where are the islets of langerhan located?

A

Pancreas

42
Q

What are the 2 hormones produced by the kidney?

A

renin and erythropoietin

43
Q

What is Renin?

A

hormone produced by kidney that is involved in the control of blood pressure.

44
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

hormone produced by the kidney that controlls red blood cell production

45
Q

What is ANP

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide. Hormone produced in the heart that promotes Na and Water loss to dec. BP.

Targets the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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