Final Exam Questions

Question 0

Contrast the features of science and non-science areas of study.

Answer 0

Science areas of study are concerned with facts and verifiable laws while non-science is concerned with religion and history.

Question 1

Distinguish between a scientific hypothesis, a scientific theory, and a scientific law.

Answer 1

1. Scientific Hypothesis- Provides an estimated answer to a question.
2. Scientific Theory- Explain why things happen.
3. Scientific Law- Describes what happens in nature with facts.

Question 2

Explain why the cell is called “the basic structure of life”?

Answer 2

It’s is the smallest unit that displays the characteristics of life (because all things are made of cells).

Question 3

In the chloroplast, what is the source of energy? Why is this important for life on earth?

Answer 3

Sunlight

It is the chemical bond energy that is found in food molecules.

Question 4

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Number of divisions.

Answer 4

Mitosis- One

Meiosis- Two

Question 5

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Pairing of homologous chromosome pairs.

Answer 5

Mitosis- Chromosomes do not crossover.

Meiosis- Chromosomes crossover in prophase one.

Question 6

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Exchange of generic information by crossing-over.

Answer 6

Mitosis- None

Meiosis- Yes

Question 7

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Daughter cell chromosome number.

Answer 7

Mitosis- 2n->2n

Meiosis- 2n->n

Question 8

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Daughter cell genetic information, compared to original parent cell.

Answer 8

Mitosis- Same genetic information as the parent cell.

Meiosis- Genetically different from the parent cell.

Question 9

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Purpose.

Answer 9

Mitosis: Growth, replacement of worn out cells, repair of damage.

Meiosis: Necessary for sexual reproduction.

Question 10

Explain how mutation and crossing-over alter genetic information in daughter cells.

Answer 10

Mutation creates new info.

Crossing-over reshuffles info.

Question 11

Compare species and subspecies in terms of number of individuals and the size of the gene pool.

Answer 11

Species have more compared to subspecies.

Question 12

Is it easier to produce many genetically defined plants or animals?

Answer 12

Easier for plants because we can clone them.

Question 13

What are “eugenics laws”?

Answer 13

Basic purpose was to eliminate the “bad genes” from the human gene pool and encourage good genes.

Question 14

Explain why the expression “reproduction of the fittest” is a better way to describe natural selection than “survival of the fittest”. What is meant by the expression “struggle for life”?

Answer 14

It is better because it is better to reproduce.

Struggle for life is competition for scarce energy.

Question 15

What forces add to the gene pool?

What forces remove alleles from the gene pool?

Answer 15

Add- Mutation, Immigration.

Remove- Death, Emigration, Inability to reproduce.

Question 16

Contrast instinctive and learned behavior.

Answer 16

Instinctive- Born with it, simple animals, can’t be changed, right the first time.

Learned- Memory important, complex animals, can be changed.

Question 17

Describe three things that plants have in common.

Answer 17

1. Cell walls.
2. Hard woody tissues.
3. Carry out photosynthesis.

Question 18

What are three functions of root tissue in higher plants?

Answer 18

1. Anchor plants.
2. Absorb nutrients & water.
3. Store food (carrot).

Question 19

Compare perfect flower and imperfect flower.

Answer 19

Perfect flower has both male & female parts.

Question 20

Contracts benthic and pelagic lifestyles.

Answer 20

Benthic- On the bottom.

Pelagic- Free swimming.

Question 21

Which phylum occupies the greatest number of land habitats?

Answer 21

Arthropods.

Question 22

Describe two mechanisms the body uses to get rid of excess heat. How does the body preserve heat when it is cold?

Answer 22

1. Muscular activity & shivering.
2. Sweating increases to help cool blood and body.

Heart rate increases to move blood.