Final Exam Questions Flashcards
Contrast the features of science and non-science areas of study.
Science areas of study are concerned with facts and verifiable laws while non-science is concerned with religion and history.
Distinguish between a scientific hypothesis, a scientific theory, and a scientific law.
- Scientific Hypothesis- Provides an estimated answer to a question.
- Scientific Theory- Explain why things happen.
- Scientific Law- Describes what happens in nature with facts.
Explain why the cell is called “the basic structure of life”?
It’s is the smallest unit that displays the characteristics of life (because all things are made of cells).
In the chloroplast, what is the source of energy? Why is this important for life on earth?
Sunlight
It is the chemical bond energy that is found in food molecules.
Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:
Number of divisions.
Mitosis- One
Meiosis- Two
Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:
Pairing of homologous chromosome pairs.
Mitosis- Chromosomes do not crossover.
Meiosis- Chromosomes crossover in prophase one.
Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:
Exchange of generic information by crossing-over.
Mitosis- None
Meiosis- Yes
Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:
Daughter cell chromosome number.
Mitosis- 2n->2n
Meiosis- 2n->n
Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:
Daughter cell genetic information, compared to original parent cell.
Mitosis- Same genetic information as the parent cell.
Meiosis- Genetically different from the parent cell.
Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:
Purpose.
Mitosis: Growth, replacement of worn out cells, repair of damage.
Meiosis: Necessary for sexual reproduction.
Explain how mutation and crossing-over alter genetic information in daughter cells.
Mutation creates new info.
Crossing-over reshuffles info.
Compare species and subspecies in terms of number of individuals and the size of the gene pool.
Species have more compared to subspecies.
Is it easier to produce many genetically defined plants or animals?
Easier for plants because we can clone them.
What are “eugenics laws”?
Basic purpose was to eliminate the “bad genes” from the human gene pool and encourage good genes.
Explain why the expression “reproduction of the fittest” is a better way to describe natural selection than “survival of the fittest”. What is meant by the expression “struggle for life”?
It is better because it is better to reproduce.
Struggle for life is competition for scarce energy.
What forces add to the gene pool?
What forces remove alleles from the gene pool?
Add- Mutation, Immigration.
Remove- Death, Emigration, Inability to reproduce.
Contrast instinctive and learned behavior.
Instinctive- Born with it, simple animals, can’t be changed, right the first time.
Learned- Memory important, complex animals, can be changed.
Describe three things that plants have in common.
- Cell walls.
- Hard woody tissues.
- Carry out photosynthesis.
What are three functions of root tissue in higher plants?
- Anchor plants.
- Absorb nutrients & water.
- Store food (carrot).
Compare perfect flower and imperfect flower.
Perfect flower has both male & female parts.
Contracts benthic and pelagic lifestyles.
Benthic- On the bottom.
Pelagic- Free swimming.
Which phylum occupies the greatest number of land habitats?
Arthropods.
Describe two mechanisms the body uses to get rid of excess heat. How does the body preserve heat when it is cold?
- Muscular activity & shivering.
- Sweating increases to help cool blood and body.
Heart rate increases to move blood.
