Chapter 9BC

Question 1

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Number of divisions.

Answer 1

Mitosis: One division

Meiosis: Two divisions

Question 2

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Pairing of homologous chromosome pairs.

Answer 2

Mitosis: Chromosomes do not crossover

Meiosis: Chromosomes crossover in prophase one

Question 3

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Exchange of genetic information by crossing-over.

Answer 3

Mitosis: None

Meiosis: Yes

Question 4

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Daughter cell chromosome number.

Answer 4

Mitosis: 2n->2n

Meiosis: 2n->n

Question 5

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Daughter cell genetic information, compared to original parent cell.

Answer 5

Mitosis: Same genetic information as the parent cell.

Meiosis: Generally different from the parent cell.

Question 6

Describe differences between mitosis and meiosis in relation to:

Purpose.

Answer 6

Mitosis: Growth, replacement of worn out cells, repair damage.

Meiosis: Necessary for sexual reproduction.

Question 9

Explain how mutation and crossing over alter genetic information in daughter cells.

Answer 9

Mutation creates new info.

Crossing-over reshuffles info.

Question 10

Explain how segregation and independent assortment alter genetic information in daughter cells.

Answer 10

Segregation is the separation of 2 copies of the same chromosome.

Independent Assortment is variation from multiple chromosome pairs.

Question 11

How many genetically different kinds of sperm or egg cells can a human produce? Why do we say that each human that has ever lived is genetically unique?

Answer 11

8,388,608

Because humans can produce millions of genetically different gametes.

Question 13

Name two possible outcomes if events during meiosis do not result in a normal sex cell.

Answer 13

1. Lack of info; cell will die.

2. Over info; cell will create an abnormal zygote (triplody)

Question 14

Describe how sex is determined in humans. Do all organisms use similar mechanisms for sex determination?

Answer 14

The 23rd chromosome either has XX (female) or XY (male).

No

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

The specialized pair of cell decisions that reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n).

Question 16

Mutation

Answer 16

Any change in the genetic information of a cell.

Question 17

Sperm

Answer 17

The haploid sex cells produced by sexually mature males.

Question 18

Chromosomes that typically carry genetic information used by an organism for characteristics other than the primary determination of sex.

Answer 18

Autosomes

Question 19

Having two sets of chromosomes: one set from the material parent and one set from the potential parent.

Answer 19

Diploid

Question 20

Genetic information determining one characteristic of an organism.

Answer 20

Gene

Question 21

Having a single set of chromosomes, resulting from the reduction division of meiosis.

Answer 21

Haploid

Question 22

The joining of haploid nuclei; usually from an egg and a sperm cell, resulting in a diploid cell called zygote.

Answer 22

Fertilization

Question 22

Haploid sex cells.

Answer 22

Gamete

Question 22

A diploid cell that results from the union of an egg and a sperm.

Answer 22

Zygote