Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is a genome?
A set of all the genes necessary to code for all of an organism’s characteristics.
What is an allele?
A specific version of a gene.
How can we figure out what is the genotype of an organism?
By the combination if alleles that are present in the organisms cells.
Compare heterozygous and homozygous genotypes. How does an organism get a heterozygous genotype? What happens to the alleles in this organism during mitosis?
Homo means same & Hetero means different.
It gets it when meiosis creates two genetically different cells.
The alleles are exact copy of each other.
Can a person have more than one genotype and phenotype?
No
What are X-linked genes? What is the genotype for the sex chromosomes of a female human? For a male? Why are X-linked recessive alleles that cause disease more of a problem for males than females?
Genes only found on the X-chromosome.
XX for female & XY for male
Males only have one copy of the genes that are found on the x-chromosome, because they only have a X-chromosome.
Describe co-dominance and give an example. What are possible advantages of having co-dominant alleles?
A situation where both alleles in a heterozygous organisms express themselves. Ex: ABO blood types.
Advantages is the H in normal hemoglobin.
What are multiple alleles?
Situations in which there are more than two possible alleles.
Ex: Blood
Genotype
The catalog of genes of an organism, whether or not these genes are expressed.
Phenotype
The physical chemical and behavioral expression of the genes possessed by an organism.
Offspring
Descendants of a set of parents.
An alternative form of a gene for a particular characteristic.
Allele
Describes a diploid organism that has 2 different alleles for a particular characteristic.
Heterozygous
Describes a diploid organism that has 2 identical alleles for a particular characteristic.
Homozygous
The concept that a number of different pairs of alleles may combine their efforts to determine a characteristic.
Polygenic Inheritance
