Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the three stages of matter.

Answer 1

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas

Question 2

Identify chemical symbols for:

1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
5. Sodium
6. Chlorine
7. Sulfur
8. Potassium

Answer 2

1. C
2. H
3. O
4. N
5. Na
6. Cl
7. S
8. K

Question 3

Describe the relationship between atomic weight and atomic number.

Answer 3

Atomic number is the number of protons. The number of electrons equals the protons. The number of neutrons equals the atomic weight rounded minus the proton.

Question 4

Describe what happens when an acid or base is mixed with water.

Answer 4

Acid: When mixed with water, it releases hydrogen ions.

Base: When mixed with water, it removes hydrogen ions.

Question 5

What happens when an acid solution is mixed with a basic solution?

Answer 5

Creates salt & water.

Question 6

Describe the fate of an ionic bond and covalent bond.

Answer 6

Ionic bond will give or lose an electron.

Covalent bond will share an electron.

Question 7

Atom

Answer 7

The fundamental units of matter. The smallest parts of an element that still act like that element.

Question 8

Molecule

Answer 8

The smallest compound of a chemical compound. The smallest naturally occurring parts of an element or a compound.

Question 9

Matter

Answer 9

Anything that has weight (mass) and takes up space (volume).

Question 10

Energy

Answer 10

The ability to do work or cause things to move.

Question 11

Compounds that release a hydrogen ion in a solution.

Answer 11

Acid

Question 12

Compounds that release hydroxide ions or accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

Answer 12

Base

Question 13

Negatively charged ions.

Answer 13

Anion

Question 14

Positively charged ions.

Answer 14

Cation

Question 15

The attractive forces between ions of opposite charge.

Answer 15

Ionic bond

Question 16

The attractive force formed between two atoms that share a pair of electron.

Answer 16

Covalent bond

Question 17

Weak attractive forces between molecules; important in determining how groups of molecules are arranged.

Answer 17

Hydrogen bond

Question 18

Electrically unbalanced or charged atoms.

Answer 18

Ion

Question 19

Matter that contains two or more substances not in set proportions.

Answer 19

Mixture

Question 20

A kind of matter that consists of a specific number of atoms (or ions) joined to each other in a particular way and held together by chemical bonds.

Answer 20

Compound

Question 21

The particle in the uncles of an atom that has a positive electrical charge.

Answer 21

Proton

Question 22

A particle in the nucleus of an atom that has no electrical charge; named neutron to reflect this lack of electrical charge.

Answer 22

Neutron

Question 23

A negatively charged particle moving at a distance from the nucleus of an atom; it balances the positive charges of the protons.

Answer 23

Electron

Question 24

A scale used to indicate the concentration of an acid or base.

Answer 24

pH

Question 25

The energy am object has because of its position.

Answer 25

Potential energy

Question 26

Energy of motion.

Answer 26

Kinetic energy

Question 27

A measure of molecular energy of motion.

Answer 27

Temperature