Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are the three stages of matter.
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Identify chemical symbols for:
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Sodium
- Chlorine
- Sulfur
- Potassium
- C
- H
- O
- N
- Na
- Cl
- S
- K
Describe the relationship between atomic weight and atomic number.
Atomic number is the number of protons. The number of electrons equals the protons. The number of neutrons equals the atomic weight rounded minus the proton.
Describe what happens when an acid or base is mixed with water.
Acid: When mixed with water, it releases hydrogen ions.
Base: When mixed with water, it removes hydrogen ions.
What happens when an acid solution is mixed with a basic solution?
Creates salt & water.
Describe the fate of an ionic bond and covalent bond.
Ionic bond will give or lose an electron.
Covalent bond will share an electron.
Atom
The fundamental units of matter. The smallest parts of an element that still act like that element.
Molecule
The smallest compound of a chemical compound. The smallest naturally occurring parts of an element or a compound.
Matter
Anything that has weight (mass) and takes up space (volume).
Energy
The ability to do work or cause things to move.
Compounds that release a hydrogen ion in a solution.
Acid
Compounds that release hydroxide ions or accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
Base
Negatively charged ions.
Anion
Positively charged ions.
Cation
The attractive forces between ions of opposite charge.
Ionic bond
The attractive force formed between two atoms that share a pair of electron.
Covalent bond
Weak attractive forces between molecules; important in determining how groups of molecules are arranged.
Hydrogen bond
Electrically unbalanced or charged atoms.
Ion
Matter that contains two or more substances not in set proportions.
Mixture
A kind of matter that consists of a specific number of atoms (or ions) joined to each other in a particular way and held together by chemical bonds.
Compound
The particle in the uncles of an atom that has a positive electrical charge.
Proton
A particle in the nucleus of an atom that has no electrical charge; named neutron to reflect this lack of electrical charge.
Neutron
A negatively charged particle moving at a distance from the nucleus of an atom; it balances the positive charges of the protons.
Electron
A scale used to indicate the concentration of an acid or base.
pH
The energy am object has because of its position.
Potential energy
Energy of motion.
Kinetic energy
A measure of molecular energy of motion.
Temperature
