Chapter 9A

Question 1

Describe three functions of mitotic cell division.

Answer 1

1. Growth of an organism
2. Maintenance of tissues
3. Repair of damage or injury

Question 3

Describe the five stages of the cell cycle. Explain how the G0 phase differs from the others.

Answer 3

1. G1 Stage
       G0 Stage
2. S Stage
3. G2 Stage
4. Mitosis & Cytokinesis

Question 4

Which phases of the cell cycle occur during interphase? What is happening during each of these phases?

Answer 4

G1 (G0) stage: The cell gathers nutrients and other resources from its environment

S stage: DNA replication occurs

G2 stage: The cell makes the cellular components it will need to divide successfully

Question 5

Describe the four stages of mitosis.

Answer 5

Stage 1: Prophase- Each doubled chromosome gets attached to a spindle fiber

Stage 2: Metaphase- Chromosomes line up along middle of spindle fibers

Stage 3: Anaphase- Two copies of chromosomes separate & move to opposite ends of cell

Stage 4: Telophase- Chromosomes are packaged into 2 nuclei

Question 6

How many chromosomes do human have? How many genes do they have? What is the relationship between the two?

Answer 6

1. 46 chromosomes
2. Thousands
3. Genes are on chromosomes

Question 8

Describe changes in cell division processes that occur during aging of the organism.

Answer 8

1. Some cells lose ability to divide
2. Division of cells slow down
3. Older organisms less efficient at maintenance & repair of tissues

Question 9

Explain the relationship between abnormal mitosis and cancer. What is the difference between belign and malignant tumors?

Answer 9

Abnormal rapid growth can lead to cancer.

Belign tumor can be a problem as it takes up space & Malignant tumor cells move up to other locations of body usually throughout bloodstream.

Question 10

Describe two general methods of treating cancer that interfere with mitosis.

Answer 10

Chemotherapy: Drugs, interfere with mitosis, can also prevent normal cells from functioning.

Radiotherapy: Radiation to kill cancer by damaging DNA.

Question 11

Cancer

Answer 11

A disease caused by mutations in the genes that regulate cell division.

Question 12

Mitosis

Answer 12

A process that results in equal & identical distribution of replicated chromosomes into two newly formed nuclei.

Question 13

Differentiation

Answer 13

The process of forming specialized cells within a multicellular organism.

Question 14

Agents that cause cancer.

Answer 14

Carcinogen

Question 15

Double stranded DNA molecules with attached protein (nucleoprotein) coiled into a short, compact unit.

Answer 15

Chromosomes

Question 16

The division of the cytoplasm of one cell into two new cells.

Answer 16

Cytokinesis

Question 17

The process by which cells of tumors move from the original site and establish new colonies in other regions of the body.

Answer 17

Metastasize

Question 18

The stage between cell divisions in which the cell is engaged in metabolic activities.

Answer 18

Interphase

Question 18

Explain how genetic information is used in cell differentiation, giving examples of differentiated cells.

Answer 18

Most genetic info is blocked; cells have multiple abilities, but only use some.

Question 19

A mass of undifferentiated cells not normally found in a certain portion of the body.

Answer 19

Tumor