Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How are organic and inorganic molecules different?

A

Organic molecules have carbon atoms in chains or rings.

Inorganic molecules don’t have carbon atoms in chains or rings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What unusual properties does the carbon atom have that make it a good element?

A

Can bond with four other atoms & can bond with many different elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kinds of bonds can carbon form?

A
  1. Make rings
  2. Long chains
  3. Make double bonds
  4. Make triple bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the most common atoms involved in organic molecules?

A
  1. Carbon (C)
  2. Oxygen (O)
  3. Hydrogen (H)
  4. Nitrogen (N)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Be able to recognize a monomer and a polymer.

A

Polymer is a skeleton or backbone.

Monomer is repeating subunit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are monomer carbohydrates called?

A

They are called simple sugars or monosaccharides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name three types or larger molecules that use simple sugars in their make-up.

A
  1. Disaccharide
  2. Trisaccharide
  3. Polysaccharide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the difference between structural and regulator proteins and give examples.

A

Structural proteins are important for maintaining the shape of the cells & organism.
Ex: Membranes, muscle cells, blood cells.

Regulator proteins help determine what activities will occur in the organism.
Ex: Enzymes, chapornes, some hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name a protein that is a hormone.

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the structural difference between DNA and RNA.

A

DNA: Double strand molecule, large molecule, sugar is deoxyribose, A pairs with U & G pairs with C.

RNA: Single strand molecule, small molecule, sugar is ribose, A pairs with T & G pairs with C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why don’t most lipids mix in water? What do they dissolve well in?

A

Because they are fats. They dissolve well in ether or acetone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the atoms in a lipid? How the they differ from carbohydrates?

A

Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)

Lipids don’t have the same ratio as carbohydrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between simple lipids and complex lipids?

A

Simple lipids are not able to be broken down into smaller similar subunits.

Complex lipids can be hydrolyzed into smaller similar units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the little molecule glycerol look like? Why is it an important part of lipids?

A

At room temperature it looks clear, lightweight oil.

It is important because it is a building block for fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are fats an important energy store?

A

There are important molecules for storing energy. They can hold twice as more energy than sugar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a steroid?

A

It is another group of lipid molecules characterized by their arrangement of interlocking rings of carbon.

17
Q

Is the steroid cholesterol bad for you or good for you?

A

It is good for you because it creates Vitamin D for your body and makes bile acids.

If cholesterol gets too high then you get negative effects.

18
Q

Biochemistry

A

The chemistry of living things; often called biological chemistry.

19
Q

Organic molecules

A

Molecules that contain carbon atoms in rings or chains.

20
Q

Inorganic molecules

A

Molecules that do not contain carbon atoms in rings or chains.

21
Q

Basic subunit of protein consisting of short carbon skeleton that contains an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and one of various side groups.

A

Amino acid

22
Q

The basic building block of carbohydrates is a simple sugar.

A

Carbohydrate

23
Q

The central portion of an organic molecule composed of rings or chains in carbon atoms.

A

Carbon skeleton

24
Q

A class of water-insoluble macromolecules composed of a glycerol & fatty acids.

A

Fat

25
Q

Chemical messenger secreted by an endocrine gland to regulate other parts of the body.

A

Hormone

26
Q

Chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.

A

Hydrolysis

27
Q

Large organic molecules that do not easily dissolve in water; includes fats, phospholipids, & steroids.

A

Lipids

28
Q

Complex molecules that store & transfer information within a cell.

A

Nucleus acids

29
Q

A class of water-insoluble molecules that resembles fats but contains a Phosphate group in its structure.

A

Phospholipid

30
Q

Macro molecules made up of one or more polypeptides attached to each other by bonds.

A

Protein

31
Q

Proteins that occur in an organism.

Ex: Enzymes and some hormones.

A

Regulator protein

32
Q

Proteins that are important for holding cells & organisms together.
Ex: Membrane, muscles, blood.

A

Structural protein

Biology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions