Chapter 4 Flashcards
Explain why the cell is called “the basic structure of life”.
It is the smallest unit that displays the characteristics of life.
What scientific instrument was important in the early study of the cell? Why was it so important? During what century did the importance of the cell theory really become apparent?
- Microscope
- Because you can see living cells
- The 18th century
Describe two major types of cells and be able to describe distinguishing features.
Eukaryotic Cells: Larger cells, separate nucleus. Ex: Plants have cell walls. Animals don’t have cell walls.
Prokaryotic Cells: Small size, no separate nucleus. Ex: Bacteria & Archaea.
Why is the size of cells limited? Which has more rapid diffusion to all parts of the cell, a cell shaped like a ball or a cell shaped like a flattened ball?
It is a limited because of the surface to area volume, as the cell grows volume grows faster than surface. A cell shaped like a flattened ball.
I’m the chloroplast, what is the source of energy? Why is it important for life on earth?
Sunlight. It is the chemical bond energy that is found in food molecules.
What cellular process do ribosomes assist with? What nuclei acid do they contain?
Ribosomes assist in the process of joining amino acids together to form proteins. They contain RNA & protein.
What functions do microtubules have?
They are involved in moving the chromosomes that contain the DNA & making other adjustments needed to make two cells from one.
What functions do cilia and flagella have? What is the difference in appearance of these organelles?
Their functions is to move the cell through its environment or to move the environment past the cell.
What happens to a cell if its nucleus is removed? Give example.
The cell can only love for a short time. Red blood cells.
What important function does the DNA of the nucleus have?
They produce ribosomes.
Name four major Kingdoms and give examples.
- Protists- One celled, simple (ameba)
- Fungi- Simple multicellular, no chloroplasts (mushroom)
- Plants- Complex multicellular, have chloroplasts, cell walls (fern, oak trees)
- Animals- Complex multicellular, must eat other organisms, no cell walls (insect, fish, human)
Cell
The basic structural units if all living things; the smallest units that display the characteristics.
Diffusion
The net movement of a kind of molecule from an area of higher concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
Cytoplasm
The portion of the protoplasm that surrounds the nucleus.
Nucleus
The central body that contains the information system for the cell; also the central port of an atom, containing protons & neutrons.
Cell Membrane
Thin sheets of material composed of phospholipids and proteins; some of the proteins have attached carbohydrates or fats.
Organelles
Cellular structures that perform specific functions in the cell; the function of organelles is directly related to their structure.
The use of a carrier molecule to move molecule, across a plasma membrane in a direction opposite that of the concentration gradient. The carrier requires an input of energy other than kinetic energy of the molecules.
Active Transport
One of the two major types of cells; cells that have a true nucleus as in plants fungi, protists, & animals.
Eukaryotic Cells
Long hairlike structures, projecting from the cell surface, that enable locomotion.
Flagella
A stack of flattened, smooth membranous sacs; the site of the synthesis and packaging of certain molecules in eukaryotic cells.
Golgi Apparatus
Folded membranes and tubes throughout the eukaryotic cell that provides a large surface on which chemical activities take place.
Endoplasmic Reticular
A cooperative term describing one of two solutions; a hypertonic solution is one with higher amount of dissolved material.
Hypertonic
A comparative term describing one of two solutions; a hypotonic solution is one with a lower amount of dissolved material.
Hypotonic
A term used to describe two solutions that have the same concentration of dissolved material.
Isotonic
Submicroscopic, hollow tubes of protein that function throughout the cytoplasm to provide structural support and enable movement.
Microtubules
A series of reactions that take place in chloroplasts & result in the storage of sunlight energy in the form of chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
One of the two major types of cells; now referred as non-eukaryotic cells. They do not have a typical nucleus bond by a nuclear membrane and lack many of the other membranous cellular organelles.
Prokaryotic Cells
The property of a membrane that allow certain molecules to pass through it but interferes with the passage of others.
Selectively Permeable
