Final Exam Modules 7 & 8

Question 1

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is called:

a. breathing.
b. cellular respiration.
c. internal respiration.
d. external respiration.

Answer 1

d. external respiration

Question 2

The auditory, or eustachian, tubes connect the:

a. middle ear with the oropharynx.
b. middle ear with the nasopharynx.
c. inner ear with the nasopharynx.
d. inner ear with the oropharynx.

Answer 2

b. middle ear with the nasopharynx

Question 3

The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help:

a. increase the surface tension of water in the
b. reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli.
c. trap bacteria and dust.
d. move bacteria and dust toward the pharynx.

Answer 3

b. reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli

Question 4

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. The apex of the lung rests against mediastinum.
b. The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura.
c. The right lung has two lobes; the left lung has three lobes.
d. The apex of the lung rests against the diaphragm.

Answer 4

b. The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura

Question 5

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is about:

a. 66 mm Hg.
b. 56 mm Hg.
c. 46 mm Hg.
d. 26 mm Hg.

Answer 5

c. 46 mm Hg

Question 6

Carbon dioxide in the tissue cells:

a. is actively transported to the blood.
b. converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin and is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood.
c. converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin.
d. is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood.

Answer 6

b. converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin and is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood

Question 7

The thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) is part of the:

a. nasopharynx.
b. oropharynx.
c. larynx.
d. trachea.

Answer 7

c. larynx

Question 8

Conchae are shelflike structures found in the:

a. ethmoid sinus.
b. frontal sinus.
c. laryngopharynx.
d. nasal cavities.

Answer 8

d. nasal cavities

Question 9

The respiratory mucosa helps protect the respiratory system by:

a. moving contaminated mucus toward the pharynx.
b. having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction.
c. trapping bacteria, moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx, and having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction.
d. trapping bacteria.

Answer 9

c. trapping bacteria, moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx, and having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction

Question 10

The respiratory membrane:

a. lines most of the air distribution tubes and is another term for the respiratory mucosa.
b. lines the alveoli.
c. is another term for the respiratory mucosa.
d. lines most of the air distribution tubes.

Answer 10

a. lines most of the air distribution tubes and is another term for the respiratory mucosa

Question 11

Another term for pulmonary ventilation is:

a. breathing.
b. cellular respiration.
c. internal respiration.
d. external respiration.

Answer 11

a. breathing

Question 12

Which of the following tubes enters or exits the pharynx?
a. 
Auditory tubes
b. 
Esophagus
c. 
Larynx, esophagus, and auditory tubes
d. 
Larynx

Answer 12

c.

Larynx, esophagus, and auditory tubes

Question 13

These tonsils are not in the pharynx:

a. palatine.
b. adenoids.
c. pharyngeal.
d. lingual.

Answer 13

d. lingual

Question 14

The main water-holding force in the blood capillaries is:

a. sodium in the blood plasma.
b. chloride in the blood plasma.
c. protein in the blood plasma.
d. capillary blood pressure.

Answer 14

c. protein in the blood plasma

Question 15

The most common positive ion in intracellular fluid is:

a. sodium.
b. calcium.
c. magnesium.
d. potassium.

Answer 15

d. potassium

Question 16

An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to:

a. increases plasma volume and decreases interstitial fluid volume.
b. decrease interstitial fluid volume.
c. increase interstitial fluid volume.
d. increase plasma volume.

Answer 16

c. increase interstitial fluid volume

Question 17

Retention of electrolytes (especially sodium) in the interstitial fluid can result from:

a. increased aldosterone secretion.
b. decreased aldosterone secretion.
c. decreased ADH secretion.
d. increased ADH secretion.

Answer 17

a. increased aldosterone secretion

Question 18

When dehydration begins to occur:

a. the body reduces fluid output to zero.
b. the salivary secretions decrease.
c. the salivary secretions increase.
d. the body increases the release of ANH.

Answer 18

b. the salivary secretions decrease

Question 19

Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?

a. Iodine
b. Chloride
c. Iron
d. Sodium

Answer 19

a. Iodine

Question 20

The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to:

a. adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input.
b. adjust fluid intake so it equals fluid output.
c. adjust fluid intake so it is slightly below fluid output.
d. adjust fluid intake so it is slightly above fluid output.

Answer 20

a. adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input

Question 21

Electrolytes:

a. dissociate in water solutions and form ions in water solutions.
b. dissociate in water solutions.
c. form ions in water solutions.
d. form when glucose is added to water.

Answer 21

a. dissociate in water solutions and form ions in water solutions

Question 22

The largest volume of water in the body is:

a. interstitial fluid.
b. the fluid inside the cells.
c. lymph.
d. plasma.

Answer 22

b. the fluid inside the cells

Question 23

The hormone that increases the amount of water in the body is:

a. ANH.
b. aldosterone.
c. ADH and aldosterone.
d. ADH.

Answer 23

c. ADH and aldosterone

Question 24

Aldosterone:

a. increases sodium reabsorption by the kidney.
b. increases water reabsorption.
c. increases the water volume in extracellular fluid.
d. increases sodium reabsorption by the kidney, water reabsorption, and water volume in extracellular fluid.

Answer 24

d. increases sodium reabsorption by the kidney, water reabsorption, and water volume in extracellular fluid

Question 25

Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production?

a. Iron
b. Chloride
c. Sodium
d. Iodine

Answer 25

a. Iron