Chapter 6: Skin and Membranes

Question 1

What are the two main categories of membranes in the body?

Answer 1

Epithelial Membrane and Connective Tissue membranes

Question 2

Which of the body’s membranes are types of epithelial membranes?

Answer 2

1) Cutaneous Membrane 2) Serous Membrane 3) Mucous Membrane

Question 3

What fluid(s) is/are produced by serous, mucous, and synovial membranes?

Answer 3

1) Serous Fluid 2) Mucus 3) Synovial Fluid

Question 4

What is the function of serous fluid?

Answer 4

It’s a thin, watery fluid that reduces friction between the two layers and provides lubrication when organs rub against one another or against the walls of the cavities that contain them.

Question 5

What is the function of mucus?

Answer 5

Mucus keeps the membranes moist and soft.

Question 6

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 6

It’s a smooth, slick, thick, colorless lubricating fluid that resembles egg white, and helps reduce friction between the opposing surfaces of bones in movable joints.

Question 7

What is the mucocutaneous junction?

Answer 7

It’s the transitional area that serves as a point of “fusion” where skin and mucous membranes meet.

Question 8

What are the 2 types of Serous Membranes?

Answer 8

1) Parietal Layer that lines the walls of a body cavity much like wallpaper covers the walls of a room, and 2) Visceral Layer that is the portion of the membrane that folds inward to cover the surface of organs within a body cavity.

Question 9

What is the Lamina Propria?

Answer 9

The fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes.

Question 10

What is the only membranes that contains both epithelial AND connective tissue?

Answer 10

Mucous membrane

Question 11

What 2 layers make up the skin (or cutaneous membrane)?

Answer 11

1) The Epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, and 2) Dermis, the deeper of the two layers.

Question 12

What layer of the epidermis constantly undergoes mitosis and reproduce themselves?

Answer 12

The stratum germinativum.

Question 13

What is the tough outermost layer of the epidermis called?

Answer 13

The stratum corneum.

Question 14

What is the primary function of melanin?

Answer 14

To absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight before it reaches tissues below the outer layers of the epidermis.

Question 15

The junction that exists between the thin superficial epidermal layer of skin and the deeper dermal layer forms a type of basement membrane called the _____.

Answer 15

Dermal-epidermal junction.

Question 16

Tissue that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and underlying structures of the body such as muscle and bone and is sometimes called the superficial fascia or hypodermis is the _____.

Answer 16

subcutaneous tissue

Question 17

Define Lanugo.

Answer 17

It is the hair of a newborn infant which is extremely fine and soft.

Question 18

____ is a specialized smooth muscle that produces “goose bumps” and causes hair to stand up straight.

Answer 18

Arrector pili

Question 19

This skin receptor detects pressure deep in the dermis.

Answer 19

Lamellar Corpuscle (Pacini corpuscle)

Question 20

This skin receptor detects superficial, light touch.

Answer 20

Tactile corpuscle (Meissner corpuscle)

Question 21

What are the 2 types of sudoriferous (sweat) glands?

Answer 21

Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands

Question 22

What is the function of Eccrine Sweat Glands?

Answer 22

These sweat glands are far more numerous and widespread and they produce perspiration, or sweat.

Question 23

What is the function of Apocrine Sweat Glands?

Answer 23

These sweat glands are found mainly in the armpit and in the pigmented skin around the genitals, and produce a thicker secretion instead of perspiration (sweat).

Question 24

Where in the skin would you find layers of dead, keratinized cells?

Answer 24

stratum corneum

Question 25

How is hair formed?

Answer 25

Hair growth begins from a small bump called the hair papilla, which is located at the base of the follicle.

Question 26

Where in the skin would you find sensory nerve receptors?

Answer 26

In the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.

Question 27

What are the 5 most important functions of the skin?

Answer 27

1. Protection
2. Temperature regulation
3. Sense organ activity
4. Excretion
5. Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 28

What are the 4 main types of skin cancer?

Answer 28

1) Squamous cell carcinoma 2) Basal cell carcinoma 3) Malignant melanoma, and 4) Kaposi sarcoma

Question 29

When referring to burns, what is meant by the “rule of nines”?

Answer 29

With this technique, the body is divided into 11 areas of 9% each, with the area around the genitals representing the additional 1% of body surface area.

Question 30

Epithelial membranes are usually composed of two distinct layers: the epithelial layer and a supportive connective tissue layer called the ________.

Answer 30

Basement Membrane

Question 31

The membrane lining the interior of the chest wall is called the ________

Answer 31

parietal pluera

Question 32

The membrane covering the organs of the abdomen is called the ________

Answer 32

visceral peritoneum

Question 33

The connective tissue membrane that lines the space between the bone and joints is called the ________

Answer 33

synovial membrane

Question 34

As new skin cells approach the surface of the skin, their cytoplasm is replaced by a unique waterproof protein called ________

Answer 34

Keratin

Question 35

The upper region of the dermis forms projections called ________ that form unique fingerprints.

Answer 35

dermal papillae

Question 36

Which burn extends below the subcutaneous tissue to reach muscle or bone? It is a full-thickness burn that is also known as a:

Answer 36

fourth-degree burn

Question 37

The growth of the epidermal cells into the dermis forming a small tube is the ____.

Answer 37

Hair follicle

Question 38

A cuplike cluster of cells where hair growth begins is the ____.

Answer 38

Hair Papilla

Question 39

___ is the part of the hair hidden in the follicle.

Answer 39

Hair root

Question 40

The part of the hair that is visible and extends from the follicle is the ___.

Answer 40

Hair shaft