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Anatomy > Final Exam Modules 5 & 6 > Flashcards

Final Exam Modules 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Lipid digestion begins in the:

a. mouth.
b. stomach.
c. large intestine.
d. small intestine.

A

d. small intestine

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2
Q

The structure that regulates the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine is the:

a. fundal sphincter.
b. cardiac sphincter.
c. pyloric sphincter.
d. esophageal sphincter.

A

c. pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

At the hepatic flexure, the:

a. ascending colon becomes the descending colon.
b. ascending colon becomes the transverse colon.
c. transverse colon becomes the descending colon.
d. descending colon becomes the transverse colon.

A

b. ascending colon becomes the transverse colon

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4
Q

From which salivary gland do the ducts that open on either side of the lingual frenulum come?

a. Submaxillary gland
b. Sublingual gland
c. Submandibular gland
d. Submucosa gland

A

c. Submandibular gland

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5
Q

The semisolid mixture in the stomach is called:

a. feces.
b. chyme.
c. deglutition.
d. bolus.

A

b. chyme

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6
Q

Which of the following is a main organ of the digestive system?

a. Liver
b. Pancreas
c. Gallbladder
d. Stomach

A

d. Stomach

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7
Q

Amylase is made in the:

a. salivary glands and pancreas.
b. pancreas.
c. salivary glands.
d. stomach.

A

a. salivary glands and pancreas

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8
Q

Which of the following is/are function(s) of the pancreas?
a.
Produces enzymes that digest proteins.
b.
Produces a substance that neutralizes hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach.
c.
Produces enzymes that digest protein, produces proteins that digest fat, and produces a substance that neutralizes hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach.
d.
Produces proteins that digest fat.

A

c.
Produces enzymes that digest protein, produces proteins that digest fat, and produces a substance that neutralizes hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach

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9
Q

Aldosterone has an impact on the concentration of which substance in the blood?

a. Glucose
b. Potassium
c. Sodium
d. Both potassium and sodium

A

d. Both potassium and sodium

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10
Q

Which of the following is not true of prostaglandins?

a. They may regulate cells by influencing the production of cyclic AMP.
b. They are typical hormones.
c. They influence activities of nearby cells.
d. They are called tissue hormones.

A

b. They are typical hormones

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11
Q

Testosterone is:

a. produced by the interstitial cells of the testes.
b. produced by the interstitial gland and is the masculinizing hormone.
c. produced by the prostate gland.
d. the masculinizing hormone.

A

b. produced by the interstitial gland and is the masculinizing hormone

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12
Q

This endocrine gland is not in the brain:

a. the pineal gland.
b. the adenohypophysis.
c. the neurohypophysis.
d. the thymus gland.

A

d. the thymus gland

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13
Q

The ovary secretes:

a. LH.
b. FSH and LH.
c. FSH.
d. estrogen.

A

d. estrogen

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14
Q

In order for T 4 to be produced, the diet must contain sufficient amounts of:

a. iron.
b. sulfur.
c. calcium.
d. iodine.

A

d. iodine

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15
Q

The hormone that seems to influence how fat is metabolized in the body is:

a. ADH.
b. melatonin.
c. leptin.
d. ANH.

A

c. leptin

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16
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a steroid hormone?

a. It uses cAMP as a second messenger.
b. It causes protein synthesis to occur.
c. It can pass through the cell membrane.
d. The receptor is in the nucleus of the cell.

A

a. It uses cAMP as a second messenger

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17
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a hyposecretion of:

a. ADH.
b. glucagon.
c. insulin.
d. aldosterone.

A

a. ADH

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

a. Produces albumin.
b. Helps maintain the normal blood glucose concentration and produces albumin and vitamin A.
c. Produces vitamin A.
d. Helps maintain the normal blood glucose concentration.

A

c. Produces vitamin A

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19
Q

The BMR:

a. increases as activity increases.
b. is usually less than the TMR.
c. is usually greater than the TMR and increases as activity increases.
d. is usually greater than the TMR.

A

b. is usually less than the TMR

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20
Q

Basal conditions refer to:

a. a decrease of activity below what is normal for you.
b. an increase of activity above what is normal for you.
c. conditions in which the person is awake but resting, not digesting food or in a cold environment.
d. a normal level of daily activity.

A

c. conditions in which the person is awake but resting, not digesting food or in a cold environment

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21
Q

Glycolysis:

a. follows the citric acid cycle in carbohydrate metabolism.
b. occurs in the cytoplasm.
c. requires oxygen and occurs in the cytoplasm.
d. requires oxygen.

A

b. occurs in the cytoplasm

22
Q

This vitamin plays an important role in detecting light in the cells of the retina:

a. vitamin B.
b. vitamin A.
c. vitamin E.
d. vitamin D.

A

b. vitamin A

23
Q

When lipids are used for energy, they are converted to:

a. pyruvic acid that can enter the electron transport system.
b. amino acids.
c. a substance that can enter the citric acid cycle.
d. a substance that can enter glycolysis.

A

c. a substance that can enter the citric acid cycle

24
Q

The citric acid cycle:

a. produces pyruvic acid as an end product.
b. occurs in the mitochondria.
c. produces pyruvic.
d. occurs in the cytoplasm.

A

b. occurs in the mitochondria

25
Q

Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?

a. Glucagon
b. Growth hormone
c. Hydrocortisone
d. Glucagon, hydrocortisone, and growth hormone

A

d. Glucagon, hydrocortisone, and growth hormone

26
Q

Anemia can be caused by:

a. too few red blood cells.
b. too few red blood cells and too little hemoglobin in the blood cells.
c. too little hemoglobin in the blood cells
d. too many red blood cells being made.

A

b. too few red blood cells and too little hemoglobin in the blood cells.

27
Q

Myeloid tissue is:

a. also called red bone marrow and is important in the formation of red blood cells.
b. also called lymphoid tissue.
c. also called red bone marrow.
d. important in the formation of blood cells.

A

a. also called red bone marrow and is important in the formation of red blood cells.

28
Q

Which white blood cells secrete heparin?

a. Basophils
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. Neutrophils

A

a. Basophils

29
Q

The red blood cell:

a. assists in transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs, contains hemoglobin, and has a unique shape to increase its surface area.
b. contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen.
c. has a unique shape to increase its surface area.
d. assists in transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs.

A

a. assists in transporting carbon dioxide to the lungs, contains hemoglobin, and has a unique shape to increase its surface area

30
Q

A couple would have to worry about their next child having erythroblastosis fetalis if:

a. both parents are Rh-positive.
b. their first child was Rh-negative.
c. both parents are Rh-negative.
d. the baby was Rh-positive and the mother was Rh-negative.

A

d. the baby was Rh-positive and the mother was Rh-negative

31
Q

Which of the following is not a granular leukocyte?

a. Eosinophil
b. Monocyte
c. Neutrophil
d. Basophil

A

b. Monocyte

32
Q

Serum:

a. is made from blood plasma.
b. has no antibodies.
c. contains fibrinogen.
d. contains clotting factors.

A

a. is made from blood plasma

33
Q

The “universal donor” blood type is:

a. type B.
b. type AB.
c. type A.
d. type O.

A

d. type O

34
Q

Compliment-binding sites are located on:

a. antigens.
b. B cells.
c. antibodies.
d. T cells.

A

c. antibodies

35
Q

Antibodies are important in what type of immune response?

a. Innate immunity
b. Cell-mediated immunity
c. Humoral immunity
d. The inflammation response

A

c. Humoral immunity

36
Q

Which of the following is not a common characteristic shared by blood and lymph vessels?

a. They are porous and allow large molecules to enter.
b. Some contain one-way valves.
c. They have a layer of simple squamous epithelium.
d. They contain continually circulating fluid.

A

d. They contain continually circulating fluid

37
Q

The spleen:

a. is in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, lateral to the liver.
b. salvages the calcium from old or damaged red blood cells.
c. is the smallest lymphoid organ.
d. helps filter out bacteria.

A

d. helps filter out bacteria.

38
Q

Long-term immunity occurs when:

a. macrophages form plasma cells.
b. neutrophils form plasma cells.
c. B cells form memory cells.
d. T cells form plasma cells.

A

c. B cells form memory cells.

39
Q

If you have had the measles, you cannot get them again. This is an example of:

a. natural active immunity.
b. artificial active immunity.
c. natural passive immunity.
d. artificial passive immunity.

A

a. natural active immunity.

40
Q

An antigen can be a:

a. protein on a cancer cell membrane.
b. protein on a bacterial cell membrane.
c. toxin, protein on a cancer cell membrane, and a protein on a bacterial cell membrane.
d. toxin.

A

c. toxin, protein on a cancer cell membrane, and a protein on a bacterial cell membrane

41
Q

What type of fluid is called lymph when it enters a lymph vessel?

a. Blood plasma
b. Interstitial fluid
c. Serous fluid
d. Serum

A

b. Interstitial fluid

42
Q

Central venous blood pressure:

a. is usually 120 mm Hg during systole.
b. can be almost zero in the inferior vena cava.
c. is usually 80 mm Hg during diastole.
d. is usually 120 mm Hg during diastole.

A

b. can be almost zero in the inferior vena cava

43
Q

The “pacemaker” for the heart is usually the:

a. sinoatrial node.
b. atrioventricular bundle.
c. Purkinje fibers.
d. bundle of His.

A

a. sinoatrial node

44
Q

The hepatic portal system:

a. is the second capillary system, receives venous blood from the digestive system, and helps maintain glucose homeostasis.
b. receives venous blood from the digestive system.
c. helps maintain glucose homeostasis.
d. is the second capillary system.

A

a. is the second capillary system, receives venous blood from the digestive system, and helps maintain glucose homeostasis

45
Q

The heart valves are arranged with the:

a. tricuspid and pulmonary semilunar valves on the right side of the heart.
b. bicuspid and aortic semilunar valves on the right side of the heart.
c. mitral and pulmonary semilunar valves on the right side of the heart.
d. tricuspid and aortic semilunar valves on the left side of the heart.

A

a. tricuspid and pulmonary semilunar valves on the right side of the heart

46
Q

One-way valves are found in which blood vessels?

a. Arterioles
b. Veins
c. Arteries
d. Capillaries

A

b. Veins

47
Q

The force(s) that influence capillary exchange are:

a. osmosis and filtration.
b. filtration.
c. active transport.
d. osmosis.

A

a. osmosis and filtration

48
Q

Which of the following is not true of the atria?

a. Have thinner walls than ventricles.
b. Receive blood from arteries returning to the heart.
c. Are called receiving chambers.
d. Pump blood to ventricles.

A

b. Receive blood from arteries returning to the heart.

49
Q

The apical beat can best be heard:

a. in the space between the third and fourth rib.
b. on a line even with the midpoint of the left clavicle and in the space between the fifth and sixth rib.
c. in the space between the fifth and sixth rib.
d. on a line even with the midpoint of the left clavicle.

A

b. on a line even with the midpoint of the left clavicle and in the space between the fifth and sixth rib

50
Q

Another name for a heart attack is a(n):

a. myocardial infarction.
b. embolism.
c. fibrillation.
d. angina pectoris.

A

a. myocardial infarction

Anatomy (25 decks)

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