Chapter 12: Blood

Question 1

The liquid (extracellular) part of blood is called ____.

Answer 1

Plasma

Question 2

Suspended in the plasma are many different types of cells and cell fragments, which make up the ____ ____ of blood.

Answer 2

formed elements

Question 3

These 2 types of plasma proteins are abundant in plasma.

Answer 3

Albumins and Globulins

Question 4

Blood ____ is plasma minus its clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, and is obtained from whole blood by allowing it to clot in the bottom of a tube.

Answer 4

serum

Question 5

What are the 3 main types of formed elements in the blood?

Answer 5

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 6

Define Hematopoiesis.

Answer 6

The formation of new blood cells.

Question 7

What are the two types of tissues that make blood cells?

Answer 7

Myeloid Tissue (or red bone marrow) and Lymphoid Tissue

Question 8

This red pigment allows for red blood cells to carry oxygen.

Answer 8

Hemoglobin

Question 9

What type of information does Hematocrit (Hct) provide?

Answer 9

The volume of red blood cells in a blood sample.

Question 10

What is the buffy coat?

Answer 10

The light colored layer of white blood cells and platelets that settle out from a complete blood cell count test.

Question 11

Define Oxyhemoglobin.

Answer 11

It’s a bright red substance formed by the combination of hemoglobin with oxygen, present in oxygenated blood.

Question 12

____ is a number of different disease conditions caused by an inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body cells.

Answer 12

Anemia

Question 13

____ ____ is characterized by a reduction in RBC numbers following destruction of the blood-forming elements in bone marrow.

Answer 13

Aplastic anemia

Question 14

What is Pernicious Anemia?

Answer 14

A deficiency of red blood cells that results from a failure of the stomach lining to produce intrinsic factor (the substance which allows for vitamin B12 to be absorbed from the foods we eat).

Question 15

___ ___ ___ is a genetic disease that results in the formation of limited amounts of an abnormal type of hemoglobin called sickle hemoglobin, or hemoglobin S (HbS).

Answer 15

Sickle cell anemia

Question 16

Define Polycythemia.

Answer 16

When there’s an excess of RBCs in the blood that the blood becomes too thick (which can cause strokes or heart attacks).

Question 17

Define Leukopenia.

Answer 17

An abnormally low white blood cell (WBC) count.

Question 18

Define Leukocytosis.

Answer 18

An abnormally high white blood cell (WBC) count.

Question 19

How is Differential WBC Count different than simply counting the total number of all of the WBCs in the blood?

Answer 19

Because the proportions of each type of WBC are reported as percentages of the total WBC count.

Question 20

How do lymphocytes differ from other WBCs in how they protect us?

Answer 20

Instead of through phagocytosis, lymphocytes function in the immune mechanism, the complex process that makes us immune to infectious diseases.

Question 21

____ is the term used to describe a number of blood cancers affecting the WBCs.

Answer 21

Leukemia

Question 22

What is Hemostasis?

Answer 22

The stopping of the flow of blood.

Question 23

What is Prothrombin activator?

Answer 23

It’s a complex of a dozen blood coagulation factors that functions in catalyzing prothrombin into thrombin. Prothrombin activator is released in the body by a cascade of chemical reactions in response to damage in a blood vessel.

Question 24

When a clot stays in place where it’s formed, it’s called a ___.

Answer 24

Thrombus

Question 25

When a blood clot dislodges and circulates through the bloodstream, it’s called an ____.

Answer 25

Embolus