Chapter 21: Reproductive Systems

Question 1

What are gametes?

Answer 1

Sex or reproductive cells

Question 2

What are gonads?

Answer 2

The essential organs of reproduction in men and women (i.e. testes and ovaries).

Question 3

What do the accessory organs of reproduction in men consist of?

Answer 3

1. A series of passageways or ducts that carry the sperm from the testes to the exterior
2. Additional sex glands that provide secretions that protect and nurture sperm
3. The external reproductive organs called the external genitals

Question 4

What is the Tunica Albuginea?

Answer 4

The tough, whitish membrane that covers the testicle and has inward extensions that form partitions.

Question 5

Where in the testes do sperm form?

Answer 5

Seminiferous Tubules

Question 6

What are spermatogonia?

Answer 6

A cell produced at an early stage in the formation of spermatozoa, formed in the wall of a seminiferous tubule and giving rise by mitosis to spermatocytes.

Question 7

What is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone?

Answer 7

It is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is a hormone synthesized and released from GnRH neurons within the hypothalamus.

Question 8

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 8

• -Mitosis involves the division of body cells, while meiosis involves the division of sex cells.
• -The division of a cell occurs once in mitosis but twice in meiosis.
• -Two daughter cells are produced after mitosis and cytoplasmic division, while four daughter cells are produced after meiosis.

Question 9

What is the acrosome?

Answer 9

The sperm head is covered by the acrosome—a caplike structure containing enzymes that enable the sperm to break down the covering of the ovum and permit entry if contact occurs.

Question 10

What is the name for a coiled tube that lies along the top and behind the testes and where sperm mature and are temporarily stored?

Answer 10

The Epididymis

Question 11

What are the seminal vesicles and what is their function?

Answer 11

The seminal vesicles are a pair of two coiled tubular glands that lie behind the urinary bladder of males. They secrete fluid that partly composes the semen.

Question 12

Which glands produce “preejaculate?”

Answer 12

The Bulbourethral glands

Question 13

The penis has three separate columns of erectile tissue in its shaft: one column of ____ _____, which surrounds the urethra, and two columns of _____ _____, which lie dorsally.

Answer 13

corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa

Question 14

What is an Oocyte?

Answer 14

An immature female sex cell

Question 15

Another name for the mature ovarian follicle named after the scientist who discovered it.

Answer 15

Graafian Follicle

Question 16

The production of female gametes, or sex cells, is called _____.

Answer 16

Oogenesis

Question 17

What are the small cells which bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova called?

Answer 17

Polar Bodies

Question 18

What is the corpus luteum and what hormone does it produce?

Answer 18

It’s a glandular structure that develops from a follicle that had just released an ovum and it secretes progesterone.

Question 19

What are fimbriae?

Answer 19

The fimbriae of the uterine tube are small, fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tubes through which eggs move from the ovaries to the uterus.

Question 20

The uterus is composed of two parts: an upper portion, the ____, and a lower narrow section, the ____.

Answer 20

body, cervix

Question 21

What is the area between the vaginal opening and the anus called?

Answer 21

Perineum

Question 22

The first menses, or menstrual flow, is referred to as the _____.

Answer 22

menarche

Question 23

The three periods of time in each cycle of the menstrual period are called the _____, the ______ ______, and the ______ ______.

Answer 23

Menses, proliferative phase, secretory phase