Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 7: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the skeletal system?

A

Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the five major functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, Protection, Movement, Storage and Hematopoiesis (blood formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four structural categories of bones in the skeleton?

A

• Long bones • Short bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 6 major features of a long bone?

A
  1. Diaphysis or shaft 2. Medullary cavity 3. Epiphyses 4. Articular cartilage 5. Periosteum 6. Endosteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the typical flat bone differ from a long bone?

A

Flat bones, such as the sternum (breastbone), the ribs, and many of the skull bones, have a simpler structure than most long bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue called?

A

Osteons or Haversion System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 primary bone tissue structures?

A

1) An outer hard layer called compact bone, and, 2) A porous bone tissue on the inside called cancellous bone or spongy bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are osteocytes and where in bone tissue would you find them?

A

Osteocytes are mature bone cells. These osteocytes lie between the hard layers of the lamellae in little spaces called lacunae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

A

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells and osteoclasts are bone-reabsorbing cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is ossification?

A

Ossification (or osteogenesis) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

The process by which growing cartilage is systematically replaced by bone to form the growing skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does cartilage differ from bone?

A

The fibers in cartilage are embedded in a firm gel instead of in a calcified cement substance like they are in bone. Moreover, there are no blood vessels in cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

The process of bone development from fibrous membranes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 4 spaces make up the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal
Maxilla
Sphenoid
Ethmoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Fontanel?

A

Areas where intramembraneous ossification remains incomplete at birth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Hyoid Bone?

A

It’s a structure that doesn’t form a joint with any other bone of the skeleton.
Is located in the neck where it supports tongue muscles and the larynx (voice box).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain the 2 major curves of the spine.

A

The thoracic and sacral curves, called Convex Curvatures because they round outward. The cervical and lumbar curves of the spine are called Concave Curvatures because they curve inward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Convex and Concave curves of the spine?

A

They give the spine enough strength to support the weight of the rest of the body. These curves also make it possible to balance the weight of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What makes up the Thorax?

A

12 pairs of ribs, the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are True Ribs?

A

The first 7 pairs of ribs attached to the sternum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are False Ribs?

A

The remaining ribs that aren’t attached to the sternum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are Floating Ribs?

A

The last 2 pairs of ribs that aren’t attached to any costal cartilage but seem to float free in front.

24
Q

What is the difference between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton?

A

The bones of the center, or axis, make up the axial skeleton whereas the bones of the upper and lower extremities make up the appendicular skeleton.

25
Q

What is a sinus?

A

It’s the spaces or cavities inside some of the cranial bones.

26
Q

What are the three major categories of vertebrae, and how many bones are in each section?

A

Cervical Region: 7 vertebrae
Thoracic Region: 12 vertebrae
Lumbar Region: 5 vertebrae

27
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

28
Q

Name 8 bones of the upper extremities.

A

1) Scapula (shoulder blade) 2) Clavicle (collarbone) 3) sternoclavicular joint 4) Humerus 5) Radius 6) Ulna 7) Olecranon (the bony prominence of the elbow) 8) Olecranon Fossa

29
Q

What are the phalanges?

A

Finger bones

30
Q

What are metacarpal bones?

A

The bones that form the support structure for the palm of the hand.

31
Q

How do metacarpal bones differ from metatarsal bones?

A

The foot has only 7 tarsal bones, in contrast to the hand’s 8 carpals.

32
Q

How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis?

A

The pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet are both normally much wider in the female than in the male.

33
Q

Name 8 bones of the lower extremities.

A

1) Coxal Bone (hip bone) 2) Femur (thigh bone) 3) Patella (kneecap) 4) Tibia (Shinbone) 5) Fibula (long bone on lateral side of leg) 6) Tarsal Bones (the heel and posterior part of foot) 7) Metatarsals (part of foot) 8) Phalanges (toe bones)

34
Q

Name the 3 arches of the foot.

A

1) Medial Longitudinal Arch. 2) Lateral Longitudinal Arch. 3) Transverse Arch, or Metatarsal Arch.

35
Q

What 3 things do all Diarthroses Joints have?

A

All have a Joint Capsule, a Joint Cavity, and a layer of Hyaline Cartilage (articular cartilage) over the ends of two joining bones.

36
Q

What are the 3 types of joints along with the kinds of movements they produce?

A
  1. Synarthroses—no movement
  2. Amphiarthroses—slight movement
  3. Diarthroses—free movement
37
Q

What type of movement is it when you flex a joint?

A

Flexion

38
Q

What type of movement is it when you extend a joint?

A

Extension

39
Q

What type of movement is it when you spin one bone relative to another?

A

Rotation

40
Q

What type of movement is it when you move the distal end of a bone in a circle, proximal end relatively stable?

A

Circumduction

41
Q

What membrane in a diarthrotic joint provides lubrication for movement?

A

Synovial Membrane

42
Q

What is a ligament?

A

A ligament is a cord or band made of the same strong fibrous connective tissue as the joint capsule and join 2 bones together.

43
Q

The thin layer of cartilage on the end of bones where they form joints is called the ________.

A

Articular Cartilage

44
Q

The hollow area in the shaft of long bones where marrow is located is called the ________.

A

Medullary Cavity

45
Q

The needlelike threads of spongy bone are called ________.

A

trabeculae

46
Q

The structural units of compact bone are called ________.

A

Haversion systems or osteons

47
Q

Osteocytes and chondrocytes live in small spaces in the matrix called ________.

A

lacunae

48
Q

The haversian canal is synonymous with ________ ________.

A

Central Canal

49
Q

Bone-forming cells are called ________.

A

Osteoblasts

50
Q

The process of forming bone from cartilage is called ________.

A

Endochondral Ossification

51
Q

If a(n) ________ remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis, bone growth can continue.

A

epiphyseal plate

52
Q

The two major divisions of the human skeleton are the ________ skeleton and the ________ skeleton.

A

Axial and Appendicular

53
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

a. mineral storage
b. blood formation
c. heat regulation
d. protection

A

c. heat regulation

54
Q

The strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except for the joint is called the:

a. endosteum
b. periosteum
c. diaphysis
d. epiphysis

A

b. periosteum

55
Q

The fibrous inner lining of the hollow tube in a long bone is called the:

a. endosteum
b. periosteum
c. diaphysis
d. epiphysis

A

a. endosteum

56
Q

The end of a long bone is called the:

a. endosteum
b. periosteum
c. diaphysis
d. epiphysis

A

d. epiphysis

57
Q

The shaft of a long bone is called the:

a. endosteum
b. periosteum
c. diaphysis
d. epiphysis

A

c. diaphysis

Anatomy (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions