Female Repro Phys (Female Repro System and Endocrine Lectures)

Question 1

What follicular cells are the primary source of estrogen?

Answer 1

Granulosa

Question 2

What is the acrosome reaction?

Answer 2

The penetration of the sperm into the oocyte

Question 3

What is the source of androgens in female repro?

Answer 3

Theca internal cells secrete estrogen precursors

Question 4

What hormone signal is responsible for the maturation of recruited follicles?

Answer 4

FSH

Question 5

http://antranik.org/fsh-and-lh-gonadotropic-hormones/

Be able to draw this

Answer 5

Pain in the ass, but important

Question 6

At what point in the cell cycle are the oocytes arrested?

Answer 6

Metaphase meiosis II

Question 7

What is the name of the oocytes that will not be used for ovulation?

Answer 7

Polar bodies

Question 8

What is the fate of polar bodies and their contribution to the repro cycle?

Answer 8

Atresia –> Corpus leutium formation –> supplement progesterone and estrogen for as long as 8 weeks

Question 9

What is the function of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy (2 things)?

Answer 9

Inhibit follicular development

Promote endometrial proliferation and secretion phases

Question 10

What are the parts of the fallopian tubes in order of the oocyte’s “journey?”

Answer 10

Fimbria, Ampulla, Isthmus, Uterine Part

Question 11

What are the two cell types found in the uterine tube mucosa and which is the most abundant in the infundibulum and ampulla?

Answer 11

Ciliated (most abundant)

Peg cells

Question 12

What influences ciliated cells proliferation; peg cell proliferation?

Answer 12

Estrogen

Progesterone

Question 13

What is the functions (2) of peg cells with regard to fertilization?

Answer 13

Promote capacitation of the sperm

Supply nutrients to the oocyte, sperm, and conceptus

Question 14

Explain the physiology behind uterine shedding.

Answer 14

Prostaglandins promote spasm of the spiral arteries. This causes contraction and loss of vascularity to the function layer, which then sheds.

Question 15

Describe the roll of cytotrophoblsts, sycytotrophoblstas, and trophoblasts in implantation.

Answer 15

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bped-RVWsLk

Question 16

What is the pathophysiology behind preeclampsia with regard to maternal-fetal blood flow?

Answer 16

Cytotrophoblasts do not take on an endothelial phenotype and maternal spiral arteries remain small caliber, increasing blood resistance.

Question 17

What are three big hormones produced by the synsytiotrophoblasts of the placenta?

Answer 17

hCG, Progesterone, Estrogen

Question 18

What is the name of the structure in which the venuoles and arterioles between mom and baby reside?

Answer 18

Chorionic Plate

Question 19

What are the cells types and their orientation are found at the transition zone of the cervix normally?

Answer 19

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (outside / external os)
Stratified columnar epithelium (internal os)

Question 20

What is the predominant signal that initiates the menstrual phase?

Answer 20

Prostaglandin leads to constriction of spiral arteries and endometrial cell death.

Question 21

What is the predominant hormone responsible for the proliferative phase?

Answer 21

Estrogen

Question 22

What is the predominant hormone responsible for the secretory phase?

Answer 22

progesterone

Question 23

What is the result of hypoxia during early placental development?

Answer 23

Cytotrophoblast proliferation

Question 24

What gonadotropin is responsible for initiating the follicular phase?

Answer 24

FSH

Question 25

What is the dominant androgen during the follicular phase? What influence does it have on the uterus, cervical secretions, ovary, and hypothalamus?

Answer 25

Estrogen: Uterine growth, cervical secretions that favor sperm transport, sensitization of ovary to FSH and LH, evoke the FSH and LH surge (does not happen util threshold is reached in the middle of estrogen accumulation).

Question 26

What gonadotropin is responsible for initiating the luteal phase?

Answer 26

LH

Question 27

What androgen is dominant during the luteal phase? What influence does it have on the uterus, cervix, and hypothalamus?

Answer 27

Progesterone: Quiets the uterus, Cervical secretions that do not favor sperm transport, negative feedback to hypothalamus

Question 28

What signal from the placenta “saves” the corpus luteum from involuting?

Answer 28

hCG