Female Repro Phys (Female Repro System and Endocrine Lectures) Flashcards
What follicular cells are the primary source of estrogen?
Granulosa
What is the acrosome reaction?
The penetration of the sperm into the oocyte
What is the source of androgens in female repro?
Theca internal cells secrete estrogen precursors
What hormone signal is responsible for the maturation of recruited follicles?
FSH
http://antranik.org/fsh-and-lh-gonadotropic-hormones/
Be able to draw this
Pain in the ass, but important
At what point in the cell cycle are the oocytes arrested?
Metaphase meiosis II
What is the name of the oocytes that will not be used for ovulation?
Polar bodies
What is the fate of polar bodies and their contribution to the repro cycle?
Atresia –> Corpus leutium formation –> supplement progesterone and estrogen for as long as 8 weeks
What is the function of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy (2 things)?
Inhibit follicular development
Promote endometrial proliferation and secretion phases
What are the parts of the fallopian tubes in order of the oocyte’s “journey?”
Fimbria, Ampulla, Isthmus, Uterine Part
What are the two cell types found in the uterine tube mucosa and which is the most abundant in the infundibulum and ampulla?
Ciliated (most abundant)
Peg cells
What influences ciliated cells proliferation; peg cell proliferation?
Estrogen
Progesterone
What is the functions (2) of peg cells with regard to fertilization?
Promote capacitation of the sperm
Supply nutrients to the oocyte, sperm, and conceptus
Explain the physiology behind uterine shedding.
Prostaglandins promote spasm of the spiral arteries. This causes contraction and loss of vascularity to the function layer, which then sheds.
Describe the roll of cytotrophoblsts, sycytotrophoblstas, and trophoblasts in implantation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bped-RVWsLk
What is the pathophysiology behind preeclampsia with regard to maternal-fetal blood flow?
Cytotrophoblasts do not take on an endothelial phenotype and maternal spiral arteries remain small caliber, increasing blood resistance.
What are three big hormones produced by the synsytiotrophoblasts of the placenta?
hCG, Progesterone, Estrogen
What is the name of the structure in which the venuoles and arterioles between mom and baby reside?
Chorionic Plate
What are the cells types and their orientation are found at the transition zone of the cervix normally?
Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (outside / external os)
Stratified columnar epithelium (internal os)
What is the predominant signal that initiates the menstrual phase?
Prostaglandin leads to constriction of spiral arteries and endometrial cell death.
What is the predominant hormone responsible for the proliferative phase?
Estrogen
What is the predominant hormone responsible for the secretory phase?
progesterone
What is the result of hypoxia during early placental development?
Cytotrophoblast proliferation
What gonadotropin is responsible for initiating the follicular phase?
FSH
What is the dominant androgen during the follicular phase? What influence does it have on the uterus, cervical secretions, ovary, and hypothalamus?
Estrogen: Uterine growth, cervical secretions that favor sperm transport, sensitization of ovary to FSH and LH, evoke the FSH and LH surge (does not happen util threshold is reached in the middle of estrogen accumulation).
What gonadotropin is responsible for initiating the luteal phase?
LH
What androgen is dominant during the luteal phase? What influence does it have on the uterus, cervix, and hypothalamus?
Progesterone: Quiets the uterus, Cervical secretions that do not favor sperm transport, negative feedback to hypothalamus
What signal from the placenta “saves” the corpus luteum from involuting?
hCG
