Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

High doses of ______ vitamins consumed over long periods can lead to toxicities as they are stored in tissues

Answer 1

Fat-soluble

Question 2

Critical in vision, a healthy skeleton, healthy tissue, immune function, and for human development

Answer 2

Vitamin A

Question 3

Deficiency in _______ results in impaired vision and even blindness, and death in extreme circumstances. Supplementation has not been shown to improve athletic performance.

Answer 3

Vitamin A

Question 4

Found in liver, cod liver oil, mackerel, salmon, tuna, butter, goat cheese, eggs, sweet potato, carrots, squash, kale

Answer 4

Vitamin A

Question 5

_______ has the highest rate of deficiency worldwide. Low levels may reduce overall aerobic metabolism, muscle repair, and bone repair. This vitamin can be manufactured in the body through conversion of cholesterol to the active form of the vitamin by sunlight.

Answer 5

Vitamin D

Question 6

Found in salmon, sardines, mackerel, tuna, cod-liver oil, shiitake mushroom, fortified milk, fortified cheese

Answer 6

Vitamin D

Question 7

Protects cells by reducing oxidation of fatty acids that make up cell membranes and other critical structures

Answer 7

Vitamin E

Question 8

Neurological disorders including uncontrolled movement and slurred speech result from a deficiency in ______. Supplementation is shown to be beneficial on lipid peroxidation and measures of oxidative damage, even in healthy people

Answer 8

Vitamin E

Question 9

Found in almonds, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, hazelnuts, pine nuts, salmon, avocado, trout

Answer 9

Vitamin E

Question 10

Involved in regulating blood homeostasis by controlling clotting, and plays critical roles in bone formation and remodeling as well as working with vitamin D

Answer 10

Vitamin K

Question 11

Bleeding disorders (nonstop bleeding) and osteoporosis are a result of a deficiency in ______. Deficiencies can be improved by restoring vitamin levels or by supplementation.

Answer 11

Vitamin K

Question 12

Found in kale, collard and mustard greens, Swiss chard, mustard parsley, romaine, green leaf lettuce, Brussel sprouts

Answer 12

Vitamin K

Question 13

Critical for immune function, bone formation, and calcium metabolism

Answer 13

Vitamin D

Question 14

Extent to which an ingredient, food, or other substance is absorbed by the body.

Answer 14

Bioavailability

Question 15

_____ iron, found in animal sources, absorbed more efficiently (10-35%) compare to _____ iron, found in plants (2-20%)

Answer 15

Heme, nonheme

Question 16

Absorption of iron can be enhanced by co-ingestion of _______, especially non-heme iron

Answer 16

Vitamin C

Question 17

Correcting single nutrient deficiencies, controlling the exact type, source, and dosage is easier when using ______ nutrient supplements

Answer 17

Individual

Question 18

Doses found in ______ make it more difficult to develop micronutrient toxicities

Answer 18

Multivitamin

Question 19

______ disease, which affects digestion and absorption in the intestine, can also have a negative effect on nutrient transport and absorption.

Answer 19

Celiac

Question 20

Vitamin K1 compounds are called ______.

Answer 20

Phylloquinones

Question 21

Vitamin K2 compounds are called ______.

Answer 21

Menaquinones