Dietary Assessment Flashcards
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) state recommended percent of calories from macros as:
- Carbs: 45-____%
- Fat: 25-____%
- Protein: 10-____%
65, 35, 35
Average daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
Recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by groups of apparently healthy individuals assumed to be adequate — used when RDA cannot be determined
Adequate intake (AI)
Highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population
Tolerable upper intake level (UL)
Average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
Estimated average requirement (EAR)
It is better to encourage clients to make _______ changes to their eating pattern rather than recommend that they try to stick to an overly restrictive diet that they will probably not be able to follow long term
Small sustainable
RMR (kcal/ day) = (9.99 X weight (kg)) + (6.25 X height (cm)) - (4.92 X age (y)) + (166 X Sex Factor) - 161
Sex factor = 1 for males and 0 for females
Mifflin-St Jeor Equation
Adding a large number of calories from fat in order to make vegetables more appealing can be ________ to an individual’s overall health and wellness
Counterproductive
Although 100% fruit juice can contribute to meeting fruit intake goals, it does not provide the ______ found in whole fruits
Fiber
Although some desserts can be made with whole grains, the presence of whole grains does not remove concerns about the quantities of added ____ and _____.
Fat and sugars
Many dairy products are fortified with vitamin ____ because this vitamin enhances calcium absorption in the intestines.
D
For those who are lactose intolerant or vegan, fortified ____ products may be a suitable alternative due to their similar profile of nutrients to dairy
Soy
For clients wishing to improve both overall health and body composition, recommending the limit of added ____ and _____ may be particularly important
Fats and sugars
Replacing saturated fats with _____ fats lowers blood cholesterol and reduces risk of heart attacks and deaths related to heart disease
Unsaturated
Guidelines recommend consuming less than 10% of calories per day from _____ sugars
Added
Ingredients like sucrose, maltose, high fructose corn syrup, cane sugar, raw sugar, syrup, and honey indicate that _____ has been added to the product
Sugar
Recommended calorie intake:
Adult women: 1600-____
Adult men: 2000-____
2400
3000
About ____ of the population has an eating pattern that is low in vegetables, fruits, dairy, and oils
3/4
Most Americans ______ the recommendations for added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium
Exceed
The eating patterns of many are too high in ______, as demonstrated by the high percentage of the population that is overweight or obese
Calories
It is important to realize and convey to clients that _________ may change over time based on emerging research and findings
Recommendations
A simple interview in which a client describes everything they have had to eat or drink the previous 24 hours
24-hour recall
The average daily intake of food or nutrients clients consume over a long period of time
Usual intake
A list of all food items eaten within a specific period of time, adding items as the client consumes them
Diet record
A series of multiple-choice questions designed to identify the frequency of consumption of major categories of food
Food-frequency questionnaire
Interpreting results of assessments:
1. Determine if _____ intake is appropriate
2. Review ratio of ______ consumption
3. Evaluate if person exhibits health-promoting patterns
Calorie, macronutrient
_____ weight is not the ideal assessment of an individual’s body because it does not distinguish between fat, muscle, and bone
Body
Any method of body-composition assessment that divides the body into two major parts - typically fat mass and fat-free mass
2-compartment model
Method of body composition assessment that divides the body into three major parts - fat mass, water, and everything else
3-compartment model
A method of body composition that divides body into four major parts - fat mass, water, bone, and everything else. Viewed as gold standard method of body-composition assessment
4-compartment model
Technology that estimates body composition by calculating fluid content if an individual’s body using small currents of electricity. Provides fat and fat-free mass
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
Estimating thickness of the fat layer under an individual’s skin
Skinfold method
Genetically-influenced ______ distribution will play a major role in where body fat is lost
Body-fat
Produces two different 2-compartment model comparisons: bone vs non-bone and non-bone lean mass vs fat mass
Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
It may be best to perform assessments no more frequently than every ____ months
1-2
