Family Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

what is the functional fit theory towards the family

A
  • nuclear family uniquely meets needs of modern society for a geographical + social mobile workforce
  • nuclear family creates a stable and effective society
  • other family types are dysfunctional, abnormal and deviant
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2
Q

what two functions to functionalists (parsons) believe the family performs

A
  • primary socialisation

- stabilisation of adult personalities

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3
Q

what is the new right views on the family

A
  • oppose family diversity like functionalists, only one ‘normal’ family type- patriarchal, married, clear division of labour (instrumental and expressive roles)
  • family is a place of refuge, contentment and harmony
  • oppose gay marriage, cohabitation and lone parents
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4
Q

why do new right argue that lone parenthood is a threat

A
  1. lone mothers cant discipline children properly
  2. leave boys without a role model
  3. likely to be poorer and claim benefits
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5
Q

what do new right believe the main cause of lone parenting is

A

the collapse of cohabitating couples

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6
Q

what did Benson say about cohabitating couples

A

data of parents of 15000, First three years, family breakdown higher in cohabitating couples

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7
Q

what is the new right view about marriage

A

only marriage can provide a stable environment because it is a commitment to each other

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8
Q

why do new right argue that society is broken

A
  • laws and policies such as gay marriage undermine conventical family
  • only a return to traditional values will prevent damaging children
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9
Q

what are the criticisms for the new right

A
  • feminists: nuclear family is an oppression of women
  • no evidence that children from single parent families are delinquent
  • Oakley= wrongly assumes roles are fixed by biology
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10
Q

what is the neo conventional family (chester)

A
  • different to new right: move from traditional nuclear family to dual earner families (symmetrical)
  • argues that nuclear families is still ideal for a number of people
  • stats are misleading as its only a snapshot
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11
Q

why does Chester argue that little has changed

A
  1. most people live in a house with married couple
  2. most adults get married
  3. most divorcers get remarried
  4. cohabitation is a temporary phase
  5. births outside of marriage is jointly
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12
Q

name a slight overview of Chester’s view on the family

A

like functionalists, Chester sees nuclear family as dominant however both spouses now play an expressive and instrumental role

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13
Q

according to the Rapoports what are the five types of diversity

A
  1. organisational diversity
  2. cultural diversity
  3. social class diversity
  4. life stage diversity
  5. generational diversity
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14
Q

what does organisational diversity mean

A

single and dual roles/ earners

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15
Q

what does cultural diversity mean

A

different cultural/ religious groups have different structures eg black lone households

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16
Q

what does social class diversity mean

A

difference in child rearing etc

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17
Q

what does life stage diversity mean

A

young, newlyweds, retired etc

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18
Q

what is generational diversity mean

A

older generations have different values

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19
Q

what did the Rapoport’s say about the family

A

moved away from traditional types to different types ( pluralism)

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20
Q

what does modernism mean

A

rational thinking, logic , and the scientific processes

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21
Q

what does post modernism mean

A

chance and transience. They believed there is no connection between the past and present. Focus on rapid change and technology

22
Q

what are the modernist views on family diversity

A
  • emphasise the dominance of the nuclear family
  • ‘top down’ view: family shapes behaviour
  • individuals have no choice orderly, structured and predictable eg most people have children
23
Q

what are the post modernists view on family

A
  • cheal : society has entered a new chaotic stage
  • no longer a single dominant family structure, fragmented
  • people have more choice in their family arrangement, greater freedom but more instability
24
Q

what does Stacey say about family diversity (post modernist)

A
  • greater freedom and choice has benefitted women

- free from patriarchal oppression and shape family arrangements

25
Q

what did Stacey’s (postmodernist) interviews in silicon valley conclude

A

(California): women have been the main agents of change eg reject traditional roles, worked
women created new family types which benefitted their needs

26
Q

what is the’ divorce extended family ‘

A

connected by divorce eg mother in laws

27
Q

what did Stacey (post modernist) find about ‘pam’

A

formed a divorce extended family with her ex husbands partner, helping each other out. Illustrates diverse post modern families

28
Q

what did David Morgan say about the family

A

pointless making large scale generalisations like functionalists: family is who we choose to call family

29
Q

what does the individualisation thesis mean

A

traditional social structures like gender and family have lost their influence. fewer certainties’ and fixed roles( disembeded)

30
Q

what does Giddens argue caused the family and marriage to change and have a greater choice

A
  1. contraception allowed sex and intimacy

2. feminism and greater independence

31
Q

what does Giddens argue is a result of marriages and families having greater choice

A
  • resulted in changes of marriage= no longer held together by norms and legal powers. Free to define relationships ourselves.
32
Q

what does ‘ pure relationships’ mean

A

law, religion and norms no longer hold relationships together. Based on individual choice

33
Q

name some aspects of being in a ‘pure relationship’.

A
  • exists solely to satisfy each others needs
  • couples stay together because of love happiness and sexual attraction
  • relationships become a part of self identifying ‘ who we are’
34
Q

AO3 for ‘pure relationships’

A

However, less stability ‘ rolling contract’ rather than a permanent commitment. less stable

35
Q

why does Giddens argue that same sex relationships are pioneers

A

more democratic and equal. This is because they are not influenced by tradition

36
Q

what did westen and weeks say about gay couples

A

gay couples create ‘families of choice’ and kinship networks

37
Q

what does fragmentation mean

A

idea that families in society are fragmented/ broken up. eg family members live around the world

38
Q

what is the nuclear family

A

traditional family, husband is head of the household. mum, dad , children. AKA cereal packet family

39
Q

what is individualisation

A

pursing own goals and happiness

40
Q

what is the divorce extended family

A

still communicate with family even though you have divorced such as still communicating with your ex mother in law

41
Q

what is the individualisation thesis

A

do things in the benefit of yourself. This also presents the breakdown of nuclear family- not held by old norms

42
Q

what does disembedded mean

A

separation of people

43
Q

what is a pure relatiosnhip mean

A

‘pure’ love. relationship is based on love

44
Q

what is the negotiated family

A

Beck- negotiated families do not conform to the traditional family norm but vary according to wishes and expectations of family members who decide what is best for them via negotiation. equal basis but unstable

45
Q

what is a Zombie family

A

beck describes the family as a zombie family: it appears to be alive but in reality it is dead. people want their family to be a safe haven but due to instability it cannot do this

46
Q

what is connectedness thesis

A

criticises individualisation thesis. not free floating

47
Q

what does risk society mean

A

idea that society isnt stable

48
Q

what is a pluralistic society

A

more than one family type

49
Q

what is the neo conventional family

A

chester- family type is changing

50
Q

what does life cycle mean

A

life is a ‘snap shot’