Educational Policies And Inequality

Question 1

what is educational policy

Answer 1

the plans and strategies for education introduced by the government, most policies are in response to an issue eg equal opportunities, school selection

Question 2

educational policies before 1988

Answer 2

• no state schools
• education was only only available to rich
• few charities schools for the poor
• state spent money on education

Question 3

educational policies in the late 19th century

Answer 3

• industrialisation increased the need for educated workers
• state more involved in education
• school more compulsory from ages 5-13
• MC given an academic curriculum
• WC given basic numeracy and literacy and instilled obedience

Question 4

what is the tripartite system

Answer 4

the tripartite system did not produce meritocracy but instead reproduced class inequality by challenging the two social class into two different types of school that offered unequal opportunities

Question 5

what is the 1944 butters act

Answer 5

this was where children were selected and allocated to one or three different types of secondary schools supposedly according to their amplitudes and abilities

Question 6

what were the three types of schools in the 1944 butters act

Answer 6

grammar schools, the secondary modern schools and the technical schools

Question 7

what are the negatives of the tripartite system

Answer 7

• this reinforced gender inequality by requiring girls girls to gain higher marks than boys in the 11+ to obtain a grammar school place
• legitimates inequality through ideology that ability is inborn

Question 8

what is marketisation

Answer 8

process of introducing forces of consumer choice and competition

Question 9

list the policies to promote marketiation

Answer 9

• league tables
• ofsted inspections
• formula funding

Question 10

what are the criticisms of marketisation

Answer 10

1: barlett: cream skimming, silt skimming
2: public policy research found that competition education system create more segregation
3: Gerwitz : three types of choosers
4: myth of parentocracy

Question 11

what is cream skimming

Answer 11

this is one of the things which league tables encourage: ‘good schools ‘ can be more selective. they can recruit high achieving middle class students

Question 12

what is silt shifting

Answer 12

this is one of the things which league tables encourage:

avoid taking ‘less able ‘ pupils who will damage the league

Question 13

what is the funding formula

Answer 13

money per student that comes to school 
popular schools get more funds-better teachers/ facilities- ambitious middle class students

Question 14

gerwitz

Answer 14

three types of choosers in parental choice of schools. Gerwitz found that differences in parents economic and cultural capital leads to differences in choices of secondary schools

Question 15

describe semi skilled choosers

Answer 15

WC, big ambitions for kids , lack cultural capital , very frustrated less choice

Question 16

describe privileged skilled choosers

Answer 16

professional MC and well educated so know how schools admissions work

Question 17

describe disconnected local choosers

Answer 17

WC less confident , less aware of choices , more importance of safety than league tables

Question 18

what is the myth of parentocracy

Answer 18

marketisation just presents to give the appearance of choice( Gerwitz) . legitimates inequality

Question 19

what is the new labour

Answer 19

policies to reduce inequality

• the aim higher programme= raise aspirations
• EMAs-=payments to students from low income families to encourage them to stay in schools
• national literacy strategy= reduces primary class sizes

Question 20

what are coalition policies 2010

Answer 20

influenced by neoliberals and new right , cuts made to reduce spending

Question 21

what are academies

Answer 21

type of coalition policy-leave authority control, run by private educational businesses. But any school can become an academy, removed focus on inequality

Question 22

what are free schools

Answer 22

type of coalition policy- run by parents, teachers, Churches etc. supporters say it gives parentocracy. But critics say it only benefits highly educated families

Question 23

what are the negatives of the coalition policy

Answer 23

ball: led to fragmentation -fat chunk of provision and greater inequalities 
pupil premium( money that schools receive for each pupil from a disadvantaged background) not always spent on what it should be. Tuition fees tripled and EMAs abolished.

Question 24

what are the positives of coalition policy

Answer 24

tried to reduce inequalities through free schools and pupils premium

Question 25

what does the privatisation of education

Answer 25

the transfer of public assets such as schools to private companies. In the process education becomes a answsource of profit for capitalist in what ball calls the 'education services industry' or ESI

Question 26

what are examples of privatisation

Answer 26

private companies in the ESI are involved in a range of activities in education, including building schools; providing supply teachers, working based learning , careers advice

Question 27

what does blurring the lines mean

Answer 27

head teachers leave to set up private business

Question 28

what does globalisation mean

Answer 28

companies are foreign owned such as ed excel. Exam answers marked abroad. Nation states becoming less involved in policy making

Question 29

what does Cola-isation

Answer 29

penetrating schools indirectly, brand loyalty.brands are coming into our schools and selling through them.brands see schools as easy

Question 30

what does mean when education is a commodity

Answer 30

schools turning into profit making businesses. handing over schools to capitalists

Question 31

what does it mean by policies on gender and ethnicity

Answer 31

policies aimed at raising the achievements of children from minority ethnic backgrounds and policies that have been introduced to try reduce gender differences in subject choice

Question 32

list gender and ethnicity policies

Answer 32

- GIST - assimilation - multi cultural education

Question 33

what is assimilation

Answer 33

an approach to immigration policy that believes that immigrants should adopt the language and customs of the country in which they settle

Question 34

what is multi cultural education

Answer 34

policies which aim to promote the achievements of children fro minority ethnic groups by valuing all cultures in the school curriculum thereby raising pupils self esteem and achievements

Question 35

what is tripartite system

Answer 35

the system of secondary education created by the 1944 education act, based on 3 types of schools

Question 36

what is the comprehensive system

Answer 36

A non selective education system where all children attend the same type of secondary school

Question 37

what does marketization mean

Answer 37

the policy of introducing market forces of supply and demand into area into areas by state eg education

Question 38

parentocracy

Answer 38

'rule by parents '

Question 39

league tables

Answer 39

a set of statistics used to compare the performance of schools

Question 40

funding formula

Answer 40

schools are allocated funds by a formula based on how many pupils they attract

Question 41

New labour policiex

Answer 41

aim higher programme, EMAs, national literacy strategy

Question 42

coalition policies

Answer 42

Academies are given control over curriculum, free schools set up and run by churches, parents etc

Question 43

how was education unfair

Answer 43

11+= girls were expected to get higher than boys also middle class could afford tutors