Educational Policies And Inequality Flashcards
what is educational policy
the plans and strategies for education introduced by the government, most policies are in response to an issue eg equal opportunities, school selection
educational policies before 1988
- no state schools
- education was only only available to rich
- few charities schools for the poor
- state spent money on education
educational policies in the late 19th century
- industrialisation increased the need for educated workers
- state more involved in education
- school more compulsory from ages 5-13
- MC given an academic curriculum
- WC given basic numeracy and literacy and instilled obedience
what is the tripartite system
the tripartite system did not produce meritocracy but instead reproduced class inequality by challenging the two social class into two different types of school that offered unequal opportunities
what is the 1944 butters act
this was where children were selected and allocated to one or three different types of secondary schools supposedly according to their amplitudes and abilities
what were the three types of schools in the 1944 butters act
grammar schools, the secondary modern schools and the technical schools
what are the negatives of the tripartite system
- this reinforced gender inequality by requiring girls girls to gain higher marks than boys in the 11+ to obtain a grammar school place
- legitimates inequality through ideology that ability is inborn
what is marketisation
process of introducing forces of consumer choice and competition
list the policies to promote marketiation
- league tables
- ofsted inspections
- formula funding
what are the criticisms of marketisation
1: barlett: cream skimming, silt skimming
2: public policy research found that competition education system create more segregation
3: Gerwitz : three types of choosers
4: myth of parentocracy
what is cream skimming
this is one of the things which league tables encourage: ‘good schools ‘ can be more selective. they can recruit high achieving middle class students
what is silt shifting
this is one of the things which league tables encourage:
avoid taking ‘less able ‘ pupils who will damage the league
what is the funding formula
money per student that comes to school popular schools get more funds-better teachers/ facilities- ambitious middle class students
gerwitz
three types of choosers in parental choice of schools. Gerwitz found that differences in parents economic and cultural capital leads to differences in choices of secondary schools
describe semi skilled choosers
WC, big ambitions for kids , lack cultural capital , very frustrated less choice
describe privileged skilled choosers
professional MC and well educated so know how schools admissions work
describe disconnected local choosers
WC less confident , less aware of choices , more importance of safety than league tables
what is the myth of parentocracy
marketisation just presents to give the appearance of choice( Gerwitz) . legitimates inequality
what is the new labour
policies to reduce inequality
- the aim higher programme= raise aspirations
- EMAs-=payments to students from low income families to encourage them to stay in schools
- national literacy strategy= reduces primary class sizes
what are coalition policies 2010
influenced by neoliberals and new right , cuts made to reduce spending
what are academies
type of coalition policy-leave authority control, run by private educational businesses. But any school can become an academy, removed focus on inequality
what are free schools
type of coalition policy- run by parents, teachers, Churches etc. supporters say it gives parentocracy. But critics say it only benefits highly educated families
what are the negatives of the coalition policy
ball: led to fragmentation -fat chunk of provision and greater inequalities pupil premium( money that schools receive for each pupil from a disadvantaged background) not always spent on what it should be. Tuition fees tripled and EMAs abolished.
what are the positives of coalition policy
tried to reduce inequalities through free schools and pupils premium
what does the privatisation of education
the transfer of public assets such as schools to private companies. In the process education becomes a answsource of profit for capitalist in what ball calls the ‘education services industry’ or ESI
what are examples of privatisation
private companies in the ESI are involved in a range of activities in education, including building schools; providing supply teachers, working based learning , careers advice
what does blurring the lines mean
head teachers leave to set up private business
what does globalisation mean
companies are foreign owned such as ed excel. Exam answers marked abroad. Nation states becoming less involved in policy making
what does Cola-isation
penetrating schools indirectly, brand loyalty.brands are coming into our schools and selling through them.brands see schools as easy
what does mean when education is a commodity
schools turning into profit making businesses. handing over schools to capitalists
what does it mean by policies on gender and ethnicity
policies aimed at raising the achievements of children from minority ethnic backgrounds and policies that have been introduced to try reduce gender differences in subject choice
list gender and ethnicity policies
- GIST
- assimilation
- multi cultural education
what is assimilation
an approach to immigration policy that believes that immigrants should adopt the language and customs of the country in which they settle
what is multi cultural education
policies which aim to promote the achievements of children fro minority ethnic groups by valuing all cultures in the school curriculum thereby raising pupils self esteem and achievements
what is tripartite system
the system of secondary education created by the 1944 education act, based on 3 types of schools
what is the comprehensive system
A non selective education system where all children attend the same type of secondary school
what does marketization mean
the policy of introducing market forces of supply and demand into area into areas by state eg education
parentocracy
‘rule by parents ‘
league tables
a set of statistics used to compare the performance of schools
funding formula
schools are allocated funds by a formula based on how many pupils they attract
New labour policiex
aim higher programme, EMAs, national literacy strategy
coalition policies
Academies are given control over curriculum, free schools set up and run by churches, parents etc
how was education unfair
11+= girls were expected to get higher than boys also middle class could afford tutors
