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sociology AS > Educational Policies And Inequality > Flashcards

Educational Policies And Inequality Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is educational policy

A

the plans and strategies for education introduced by the government, most policies are in response to an issue eg equal opportunities, school selection

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2
Q

educational policies before 1988

A
  • no state schools
  • education was only only available to rich
  • few charities schools for the poor
  • state spent money on education
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3
Q

educational policies in the late 19th century

A
  • industrialisation increased the need for educated workers
  • state more involved in education
  • school more compulsory from ages 5-13
  • MC given an academic curriculum
  • WC given basic numeracy and literacy and instilled obedience
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4
Q

what is the tripartite system

A

the tripartite system did not produce meritocracy but instead reproduced class inequality by challenging the two social class into two different types of school that offered unequal opportunities

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5
Q

what is the 1944 butters act

A

this was where children were selected and allocated to one or three different types of secondary schools supposedly according to their amplitudes and abilities

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6
Q

what were the three types of schools in the 1944 butters act

A

grammar schools, the secondary modern schools and the technical schools

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7
Q

what are the negatives of the tripartite system

A
  • this reinforced gender inequality by requiring girls girls to gain higher marks than boys in the 11+ to obtain a grammar school place
  • legitimates inequality through ideology that ability is inborn
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8
Q

what is marketisation

A

process of introducing forces of consumer choice and competition

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9
Q

list the policies to promote marketiation

A
  • league tables
  • ofsted inspections
  • formula funding
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10
Q

what are the criticisms of marketisation

A

1: barlett: cream skimming, silt skimming
2: public policy research found that competition education system create more segregation
3: Gerwitz : three types of choosers
4: myth of parentocracy

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11
Q

what is cream skimming

A

this is one of the things which league tables encourage: ‘good schools ‘ can be more selective. they can recruit high achieving middle class students

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12
Q

what is silt shifting

A

this is one of the things which league tables encourage:

avoid taking ‘less able ‘ pupils who will damage the league

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13
Q

what is the funding formula

A 
money per student that comes to school 
popular schools get more funds-better teachers/ facilities- ambitious middle class students
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14
Q

gerwitz

A

three types of choosers in parental choice of schools. Gerwitz found that differences in parents economic and cultural capital leads to differences in choices of secondary schools

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15
Q

describe semi skilled choosers

A

WC, big ambitions for kids , lack cultural capital , very frustrated less choice

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16
Q

describe privileged skilled choosers

A

professional MC and well educated so know how schools admissions work

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17
Q

describe disconnected local choosers

A

WC less confident , less aware of choices , more importance of safety than league tables

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18
Q

what is the myth of parentocracy

A

marketisation just presents to give the appearance of choice( Gerwitz) . legitimates inequality

19
Q

what is the new labour

A

policies to reduce inequality

  • the aim higher programme= raise aspirations
  • EMAs-=payments to students from low income families to encourage them to stay in schools
  • national literacy strategy= reduces primary class sizes
20
Q

what are coalition policies 2010

A

influenced by neoliberals and new right , cuts made to reduce spending

21
Q

what are academies

A

type of coalition policy-leave authority control, run by private educational businesses. But any school can become an academy, removed focus on inequality

22
Q

what are free schools

A

type of coalition policy- run by parents, teachers, Churches etc. supporters say it gives parentocracy. But critics say it only benefits highly educated families

23
Q

what are the negatives of the coalition policy

A 
ball: led to fragmentation -fat chunk of provision and greater inequalities 
pupil premium( money that schools receive for each pupil from a disadvantaged background) not always spent on what it should be. Tuition fees tripled and EMAs abolished.
24
Q

what are the positives of coalition policy

A

tried to reduce inequalities through free schools and pupils premium

25
Q

what does the privatisation of education

A

the transfer of public assets such as schools to private companies. In the process education becomes a answsource of profit for capitalist in what ball calls the ‘education services industry’ or ESI

26
Q

what are examples of privatisation

A

private companies in the ESI are involved in a range of activities in education, including building schools; providing supply teachers, working based learning , careers advice

27
Q

what does blurring the lines mean

A

head teachers leave to set up private business

28
Q

what does globalisation mean

A

companies are foreign owned such as ed excel. Exam answers marked abroad. Nation states becoming less involved in policy making

29
Q

what does Cola-isation

A

penetrating schools indirectly, brand loyalty.brands are coming into our schools and selling through them.brands see schools as easy

30
Q

what does mean when education is a commodity

A

schools turning into profit making businesses. handing over schools to capitalists

31
Q

what does it mean by policies on gender and ethnicity

A

policies aimed at raising the achievements of children from minority ethnic backgrounds and policies that have been introduced to try reduce gender differences in subject choice

32
Q

list gender and ethnicity policies

A
  • GIST
  • assimilation
  • multi cultural education
33
Q

what is assimilation

A

an approach to immigration policy that believes that immigrants should adopt the language and customs of the country in which they settle

34
Q

what is multi cultural education

A

policies which aim to promote the achievements of children fro minority ethnic groups by valuing all cultures in the school curriculum thereby raising pupils self esteem and achievements

35
Q

what is tripartite system

A

the system of secondary education created by the 1944 education act, based on 3 types of schools

36
Q

what is the comprehensive system

A

A non selective education system where all children attend the same type of secondary school

37
Q

what does marketization mean

A

the policy of introducing market forces of supply and demand into area into areas by state eg education

38
Q

parentocracy

A

‘rule by parents ‘

39
Q

league tables

A

a set of statistics used to compare the performance of schools

40
Q

funding formula

A

schools are allocated funds by a formula based on how many pupils they attract

41
Q

New labour policiex

A

aim higher programme, EMAs, national literacy strategy

42
Q

coalition policies

A

Academies are given control over curriculum, free schools set up and run by churches, parents etc

43
Q

how was education unfair

A

11+= girls were expected to get higher than boys also middle class could afford tutors

sociology AS (22 decks)

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