Education Keywords

Question 1

Cultural deprivation

Answer 1

Theory that many WC and black children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the ‘right’ culture needed for educational success

Question 2

Restricted code

Answer 2

Berstein- used by working class. It has limited vocabulary, short, unfinished, grammatically simple sentences

Question 3

elaborated code

Answer 3

Bernstein-used by middle class. it has wider vocabulary, based on longer grammatically more complex sentences

Question 4

subculture

Answer 4

a group of people within a society who share norms, values , belief and attitudes that are different from mainstream culture

Question 5

fatalism

Answer 5

sugarman- belief in fate that nothing you can do to change your status

Question 6

collectivism

Answer 6

valuing being part of a group rather than your own

Question 7

immediate gratification

Answer 7

seeking pleasure now rather than waiting for a reward

Question 8

present-time orientation

Answer 8

seeking the present as more important than having long term goals

Question 9

compensatory education

Answer 9

government education policies such as operation headstart in the USA that seek to tackle the problem of underachievement by providing extra support and funding

Question 10

material deprivation

Answer 10

poverty: a lack of basic necessities such as adequate diet, housing , clothing or the money to buy these things.

Question 11

cultural capital

Answer 11

the knowledge , attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities that the middle class transmit to their children

Question 12

labelling

Answer 12

Becker-the process of attaching a definition or meaning to an individual or group.

Question 13

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 13

where a prediction made about a person or group comes true simply because it has been made. This will discourage students and make predictions come true

Question 14

streaming

Answer 14

Gillborn and Youdell-where children are separated into different ability groups/classes and then each ability groups is taught separately

Question 15

A-C economy

Answer 15

A system in which schools concentrate their efforts on those pupils they see as most likely to gain 5 A*-C grades at GCSE and to boost the schools league tables position

Question 16

Educational triage

Answer 16

The process whereby schools sort pupils into ‘hopelss cases’ ,’those who will pass anyway’ and ‘ those with potential to pass’. Then concentrate their efforts on the last of these groups in order to boost the schools league table position

Question 17

pro-school subculture

Answer 17

pupils placed in higher streams (who are largely middle class) tend to remain committed to the values of the school. They gain status through academic success.

Question 18

Anti-school subculture

Answer 18

Those placed in low streams (tend to be WC) suffer a loss of self esteem:the school undermines their self worth by placing them in a position of inferior status

Question 19

Habitus

Answer 19

Bourdieu- it refers to the learned taken for granted ways of thinking, acting and being shared by a particular social class/ group

Question 20

Symbolic capital

Answer 20

Bourdieu- it refers to the status, recognition and sense of worth we are able to obtain from others especially those of similar class to us

Question 21

Symbolic violence

Answer 21

Bourdieu-it refers to the harm done by denying someones symbolic capital (status and value ) eg by defing their culture as worthless

Question 22

Nike identities

Answer 22

Archer-seek alternative ways of creating status through ‘styles’ such as Nike. The symbolic violence led to them seeking alternative ways of self worth.

Question 23

Ethnicty

Answer 23

refers to shared culture and identity. Includes those with shared cultural bakcground/ heritage

Question 24

Asian worth ethic

Answer 24

Lupton-people from Asian families are often referred to as hard working

Question 25

Racializied expectations

Answer 25

Gillborn & Youdell- expected/ was expected of black students to present more behavioural issues

Question 26

ideal pupil identity

Answer 26

Archer-upper middle class pupils best fitted the description given by teachers. Seen as achieveing in the ‘right away’ through natural behaviour

Question 27

pathologised pupil identity

Answer 27

Archer-An asian, ‘deserving poor’ feminised identity, either A sexual or with oppressed sexuality.

Question 28

demonised identity

Answer 28

Archer-a white or black working class, hyper sexualised identity. This pupil is seen as unintelligent, culturally deprived underachiever

Question 29

critical thoery

Answer 29

The view that race, instead of being biologically grounded and natural, is socially constrcuted concept

Question 30

locked-in inequality

Answer 30

the scale of historical discrimmination is so large that there no longer needs to be any conscious intent t discrimminate

Question 31

ethnocentric curriculm

Answer 31

a curriculm that reflects the culture of one sthnic group-usually the dominat culture

Question 32

institutional racism

Answer 32

discrimmination that is built into the everyday workings of institutions such as schools and colleges. this discmmination may be unconscious not deliberate

Question 33

banding

Answer 33

a form of streaming

Question 34

ethnocentric

Answer 34

seeing or judging things in a biased way from a viewpoint of one particular culture

Question 35

gender domain

Answer 35

the tasks and activities that boys and girls see as terriorty of theei respective genders

Question 36

habitus

Answer 36

Bourdieu-learned taken for granted ways of thinking and acting being shared by a particular social class/group

Question 37

polarisation

Answer 37

a process that results in the creation of two opposite extreme eg streaming causes subcultures

Question 38

norms

Answer 38

societies rules, expectations or standards that govern the behaviour expected in particular situations

Question 39

racism

Answer 39

a system of beliefs that defines people as suprior or inferior and justifies unequal treatment

Question 40

speech codes

Answer 40

patterns of ways of using language.

Question 41

streaming

Answer 41

where children are separated into different ability groups/classes and taught separately.