Education Keywords Flashcards
Cultural deprivation
Theory that many WC and black children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the ‘right’ culture needed for educational success
Restricted code
Berstein- used by working class. It has limited vocabulary, short, unfinished, grammatically simple sentences
elaborated code
Bernstein-used by middle class. it has wider vocabulary, based on longer grammatically more complex sentences
subculture
a group of people within a society who share norms, values , belief and attitudes that are different from mainstream culture
fatalism
sugarman- belief in fate that nothing you can do to change your status
collectivism
valuing being part of a group rather than your own
immediate gratification
seeking pleasure now rather than waiting for a reward
present-time orientation
seeking the present as more important than having long term goals
compensatory education
government education policies such as operation headstart in the USA that seek to tackle the problem of underachievement by providing extra support and funding
material deprivation
poverty: a lack of basic necessities such as adequate diet, housing , clothing or the money to buy these things.
cultural capital
the knowledge , attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities that the middle class transmit to their children
labelling
Becker-the process of attaching a definition or meaning to an individual or group.
self fulfilling prophecy
where a prediction made about a person or group comes true simply because it has been made. This will discourage students and make predictions come true
streaming
Gillborn and Youdell-where children are separated into different ability groups/classes and then each ability groups is taught separately
A-C economy
A system in which schools concentrate their efforts on those pupils they see as most likely to gain 5 A*-C grades at GCSE and to boost the schools league tables position
Educational triage
The process whereby schools sort pupils into ‘hopelss cases’ ,’those who will pass anyway’ and ‘ those with potential to pass’. Then concentrate their efforts on the last of these groups in order to boost the schools league table position
pro-school subculture
pupils placed in higher streams (who are largely middle class) tend to remain committed to the values of the school. They gain status through academic success.
Anti-school subculture
Those placed in low streams (tend to be WC) suffer a loss of self esteem:the school undermines their self worth by placing them in a position of inferior status
Habitus
Bourdieu- it refers to the learned taken for granted ways of thinking, acting and being shared by a particular social class/ group
Symbolic capital
Bourdieu- it refers to the status, recognition and sense of worth we are able to obtain from others especially those of similar class to us
Symbolic violence
Bourdieu-it refers to the harm done by denying someones symbolic capital (status and value ) eg by defing their culture as worthless
Nike identities
Archer-seek alternative ways of creating status through ‘styles’ such as Nike. The symbolic violence led to them seeking alternative ways of self worth.
Ethnicty
refers to shared culture and identity. Includes those with shared cultural bakcground/ heritage
Asian worth ethic
Lupton-people from Asian families are often referred to as hard working
Racializied expectations
Gillborn & Youdell- expected/ was expected of black students to present more behavioural issues
ideal pupil identity
Archer-upper middle class pupils best fitted the description given by teachers. Seen as achieveing in the ‘right away’ through natural behaviour
pathologised pupil identity
Archer-An asian, ‘deserving poor’ feminised identity, either A sexual or with oppressed sexuality.
demonised identity
Archer-a white or black working class, hyper sexualised identity. This pupil is seen as unintelligent, culturally deprived underachiever
critical thoery
The view that race, instead of being biologically grounded and natural, is socially constrcuted concept
locked-in inequality
the scale of historical discrimmination is so large that there no longer needs to be any conscious intent t discrimminate
ethnocentric curriculm
a curriculm that reflects the culture of one sthnic group-usually the dominat culture
institutional racism
discrimmination that is built into the everyday workings of institutions such as schools and colleges. this discmmination may be unconscious not deliberate
banding
a form of streaming
ethnocentric
seeing or judging things in a biased way from a viewpoint of one particular culture
gender domain
the tasks and activities that boys and girls see as terriorty of theei respective genders
habitus
Bourdieu-learned taken for granted ways of thinking and acting being shared by a particular social class/group
polarisation
a process that results in the creation of two opposite extreme eg streaming causes subcultures
norms
societies rules, expectations or standards that govern the behaviour expected in particular situations
racism
a system of beliefs that defines people as suprior or inferior and justifies unequal treatment
speech codes
patterns of ways of using language.
streaming
where children are separated into different ability groups/classes and taught separately.
