class different in achievement-Quickcheck questions Flashcards
what are the three different areas of cultural deprivation theory?
- language
- speech codes
- parents education
what did bereiter and engelmann argue?
langauage in working class homes is defiecient
who argued that WC children speak with restricted code?
berstein
what does a Douglas find about WC parents?
they place less value on education
what does WC parenting style consist of?
marked by harsh or inconsistent discipline that emphasis e’behaving youself’
what is the definition of subculture?
A group whose attitudes and values differ from those of mainstream culture
what are the four features of WC subculture according to sugarman?
fatalism,collectivism,immediate gratification, present time orientation
give two examples of compensatory education programmes
- operation headstart USA
* sesame street
what did Keddie argue about cultural deprivation?
myth and sees it as a victim blaming explanantion
Explain what is meant by material deprivation?
refers to poverty and lack of maternal neccessities such as adequate income
give three facts related to maternal deprivation?
- housing
- diet + heath
- faer of debt
How does fear of debt link to achievement?
less WC students go uni due to fear of debt
what are the three types of capital according to Bourdieu?
- economic
- cultural
- educational
what did Becker find out about labelling?
Teachers judge pupils according to how closely they fitted the image of an ‘ideal pupil’
what is a self fulfilling prophecy?
A prediction that comes true simply because its been made
How are WC disadvantaged by streaming ?
They are not seen as the ideal pupil so they are put into lower streams
what is meant by educational triage
how schools rate their pupils from hopeless cases, those likely to pass and those that will pass
According to lacey, what are the two ways pupils respond to labelling
polarisation and differentiation
what is meant by habitus ?
learned taken for granted ways of thinking and acting shared by a social class.
what is nike identity
investing in brands to create a self worth
how does WC habitus produce symbolic violence ?
saying someones culture is worthless
How is class identity and self exclusion linked?
Working class girls were reluctant to apply to uni’s like Oxbridge and those that do apply felt a sense of not fitting in
How is poverty linked to underachievement
- 1/3 of free school meal pupils achieve 5 A-C,GCSE
- those in poverty more likely to have a poor attendance
- more likely to be excluded
- 90% of failing schools in deprived areas
How can housing affect achievement
- over crowding makes it harder to study
- disturbed sleep from sharing bedrooms
- lack of space for soft play + exploring
- disrupted to education with moving frequently ( temporally accommodation )
How does diet/ health underachievement
- weaker immune systems due to the lack of nutrition
- fear of being stigmatised for receiving free school meals
- cold / damp environments cause ill health and infections
How can financial support affect underachievement
- WC students who go to uni less likely to have financial support from families
- cost of transport , uniform , books , computers etc are a heavy burden
- can not afford private tutoring
- put up with hand me downs and may result in bullying
How can debt (university) link yo underachievement
- attitudes towards debt may put off students going uni
- WC see more votes than benefits going to uni
- increase in tuition fees saw a drop in WC applications to uni
Give two reason why internal and external factors are interrelated
- Working class pupils habitus and identities formed outside school may conflict with the school middle class habitus , resulting in symbolic violence and pupils feeling that education is not for the likes of them
- working class pupils using restricted code ( external ) may be labelled by teachers by teachers as less able , leading to a self fulfilling prophecy ( internal )
What is it meant by cultural deprivation
According to cultural deprivation theorists many WC Families fail to socialise their children adequately
What is cultural capital
Bourdieu uses the term to refer to the knowledge , attitudes , values , language , tastes and abilities of the middle class
Becker ( internal )
Becker studied labelling based in interviews with 60 Chicago high school teachers
Found teachers judged pupils on how closely they fitted the ideal pupil.
Lacey ( internal )
Used differentiation and polarisation to explain subcultures
Differentiation: process of categorisation
Polarisation: a process that results in the creation of two opposite extremes
ball (internal )
believed that we should take away streaming and keep in mixed ability. When streaming was abolished subcultures was largely removed and subcultures declined
Douglas (external )
Wc parents placed less value on education. As a result less ambitious for children gave less encouragement and less interest in education.
bourdieu (external )
argues that both cultural and material factors contribute to educational achievement, are not separate. Also used capital (3 types) to explain why the middle class are more successful.
Bernstein (external )
argues that there are two types of speech code: elaborated and restricted. language affects achievement
jackson (internal)
notes that the introduction of exam league tables has improved opportunities for girls: high achieving girls are attracted to school. whereas low achieving boys are not. This creates a self fulfilling prophecy
