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RUSVM Virology Summer 2017 > Family: Circoviridae > Flashcards

Family: Circoviridae Flashcards

1
Q 
Circoviridae viruses are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- stranded and have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ genome. 
A. Linear, single, RNA
B. Linear, double, RNA
C. Linear, single, DNA
D. Linear, double, DNA 
E. Circular, single, RNA 
F.Circular, double, RNA
G. Circular, single, DNA
H. Circular, double, DNA
A

G. Circular, single, DNA

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2
Q 
What genus's are included in family Circoviridae? 
A. Gyrovirus 
B. Varicellovirus
C. Circovirus
D. Simplexvirus 
E. Both A and C
F. Both C and D
A

E. Both A and C

–Gyrovirus and Circovirus (Think about eating a Circular Gyro sandwich)

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3
Q 
What virus(s) is/are included in Genus Gyrovirus? 
A. Porcine circovirus type- 1 
B. Porcine circovirus type-2 
C. Chicken Infectious Anemia virus
D. Both A and B
A

C. Chicken Infectious Anemia virus

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4
Q 
What virus(s) is/ are included in Genus Circovirus? 
A. Porcine circovirus type- 1 
B. Porcine circovirus type-2 
C. Chicken Infectious Anemia virus
D. Both A and B
A

D. Both A and B

–Porcine circovirus type- 1 and Porcine circovirus type- 2

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5
Q 
Genus Circovirus has circular, single stranded \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ DNA. 
A. Positive Sense 
B. cDNA
C. Negative sense
D. Ambisense
A

D. Ambisense

–(think A/C – Ambisense DNA is genus Circovirus)

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6
Q 
Genus Gyrovirus has circular, single stranded \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ DNA. 
A. Positive Sense 
B. cDNA
C. Negative sense
D. Ambisense
A

C. Negative sense

–(think the Gyro guy was negative today)

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7
Q 
Chicken infectious anemia virus has \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -like structures that are less obvious in the other circoviruses. 
A. 11- Trumpet 
B. 12- Trumpet
C. 11- Drum
D. 12- Drum
A

B. 12- Trumpet

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8
Q

Which of the following is not true about circoviridae virus replication?
A. Virions are very stable
B. Virus replication occurs in actively dividing cells
C. Viral DNA replication occurs in the nucleus
D. Viral DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm, like in poxviruses

A

D. Viral DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm, like in poxviruses
–Circoviridae replication is in the nucleus. Poxvirus replication is unique because it is in the cytoplasm. Poxviruses are able to replicate in the cytoplasm because , UNLIKE other DNA viruses, poxviruses have evolved to encode the enzymes required of transcription and replication of the viral genome.

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9
Q 
Porcine circovirus type - 1 is: 
A. A post- weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
B. Highly infectious
C. Non- pathogenic 
D.  common in pigs 4-6 weeks of age
A

C. Non- pathogenic

—The rest of the answers were describing Porcine cirovirus type-2!!!

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10
Q 
What virus causes Post weaning multisystmeic wasting syndrome (PMWS)? 
A. Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus
B. Porcine circovirus type-1
C. Porcine circovirus type-2
D. swinepox
A

C. Porcine circovirus type-2

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11
Q 
What is the distribution of Porcine circovirus type-2?
A. Worldwide 
B. Africa, US, Europe, Asia
C. endemic in Africa, Asia and Europe
D. endemic in Africa, Asia and the US
A

A. Worldwide

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12
Q

What is the host of post- weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) , and what age range does it typically effect?
A. Cattle, most common at 4-6 weeks of age or 2-3 weeks post-weaning.
B. Swine, most common at 4-6 weeks of age or 2-3 weeks post-weaning.
C. Cattle, most common at 2-3 weeks of age or 4-6 weeks post-weaning.
D. Swine, most common at 2-3 weeks of age or 4-6 weeks post-weaning.

A

B. Swine, most common at 4-6 weeks of age or 2-3 weeks post-weaning.

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13
Q

How is post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome MOST COMMONLY transmitted?
A. Vertical transmission (Transplacental Infection)
B. Horizontal transmission (via sexual intercourse)
C. Fecal- oral transmission
D. via an Arthropod

A

C. Fecal- oral transmission
–Transmission can also occur via Vertical transmission (Transplacental Infection) but it is not the most common method of transmission.

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14
Q

T/F: Post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome is a widespread virus in MOST pig populations.

A

True!

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15
Q

All of the following are true about the pathogenesis of Post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, except:
A. Infection during the first and second trimester results in fetal death and resorption or aborted fetuses with severe cardiac congestion.
B. Causes Lymphoid depletion, with a loss of B and T cells
C. is characterized by individual to coalescing foci of granulomatous inflammation in lymphoid tissue, lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and intestines, sometimes with prominent “botryoid” (grape-like) intra-cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in virus infected macrophages.
D. Infection during the last trimester has minimal effect on fetuses
E. All of the above are true about the pathogenesis of PMWS.

A

E. All of the above are true about the pathogenesis of PMWS.

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16
Q 
All of the following are common clinical signs of Post- weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), except: 
A. Lethargy 
B. Progressive Weigh Loss 
C. Cough 
D. Dyspnoea 
E. Slow growth 
F. Lymphadenopathy (swollen inguinal lymph nodes) 
G. Diarrhea
H. Skin discoloration 
I. Congenital tremors 
J. Icterus 
K. All of the above are clinical signs of PMWS
A

K. All of the above are clinical signs of PMWS

–Icterus is less common but still listed under common clinical signs

17
Q 
What type of infection is most commonly seen associated with PMWS? 
A. Acute infection
B. Chronic infection
C. Subclinical infection 
D. Latent infection
A

C. Subclinical infection

18
Q

All of the following are pathogens in which a co-infection with PMWS may cause severe disease and more pronounced lesions, except:
A. Porcine parvovirus (PPV)
B. Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV)
C. SIV
D. Mycoplasma hyponeumoniae
E. Swinepox
F. Variety of opportunistic bacteria
G. All of the above are pathogens in which a co-infection with PMWS may cause severe disease and more pronounced lesions

A

E. Swinepox

—This was not listed as a co-infection agent which may cause severe disease and more pronounced lesions

19
Q

Which of the following is/are way(s) to diagnose PMWS?
A. Antigen detection only
B. Serological assays
C. ELISA
D. All of the above are ways to diagnose PMWS

A

B. Serological assays

–Most pigs are seropositive, therefore antigen detection is not of much value

20
Q

Which of the following is/ are appropriate vaccination(s) for PMWS?
A. Chimeric Vaccines
B. Sow vaccination: Antepartum
C. Inactivated or Baculovirus- Expressed Vaccine
D. All of the above are appropriate vaccinations for PMWS

A

D. All of the above are appropriate vaccinations for PMWS

21
Q 
New generation chimeric vaccines have been developed that utilize Porcine circovirus type- \_\_\_ as a genetic backbone for expression of the immunogenic capsid protein of Porcine circovirus type- \_\_\_\_.
A. 2,1
B. 1,2
C. 2,3
D. 3,2
A

B. 1,2
-PCV-1 is non- pathogenic so it makes sense that it would be used as the genetic backbone instead of the pathogenic PCV-2!

22
Q 
Inactivated or Baculovirus- Expressed vaccines contain virus- like particles that include the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. antigen, PCV-1
B. antigen, PCV-2
C. capsid protein, PCV-1
D. capsid protein, PCV-2
A

D. capsid protein, PCV-2

23
Q

When are the sows vaccinated for Porcine circovirus type-2?
A. Antepartum
B. Postpartum
C. Before being bred to the boar
D. immediately after being bred to the boar

A

A. Antepartum

24
Q 
Which of the following is not true in regards to Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS)? 
A. Is is associated with PCV2
B. It is Sporadic
C. It is reported in young piglets 
D. Necrotizing skin lesions
E. Necrotizing vasculitis
F. Necrotizing Fibrinous Glomerulonephritis 
G. All of the above are true
A

C. It is reported in young piglets

–It is reported in older piglets!

25
Q

Which is true in regards to the host of chicken infectious anemia virus?
A. It is highly contagious disease of young chickens
B. It is highly contagious disease of older chickens
C. Younger Chickens are more resistant to clinical disease
D. Older chickens are more resistant to clinical disease.
E. both A and D
F. both A and D

A

F. both A and D
–It is highly contagious disease of young chickens (2-4 weeks of age) and Older chickens are more resistant to clinical disease.

26
Q

Which of the following is the route of transmission of chicken infectious anemia virus?
A. Virus is shed in feces and feather dander
B. Horizontal transmission is through inhalation or oral exposure
C. Virus is transmitted vertically through the egg
D. both A and B
E. All of the above are correct

A

E. All of the above are correct
–Virus is shed in feces and feather dander; Horizontal transmission is through inhalation or oral exposure; Virus is transmitted vertically through the egg

27
Q

All of the following are principle sites of Chicken Infectious Anemia virus replication, except:
A. hemocytoblasts in the bone marrow
B. precursor T cells in the cortex to of the thymus
C. Dividing CD4 and CD8 cells in the liver
D. Dividing CD4 and CD8 cells in the spleen

A

C. Dividing CD4 and CD8 cells in the liver

–Note: Replication in the hemocytoblasts leads to anemia, while replication in the T cells causes immunosuppression.

28
Q

T/F: The apoptin protein of Chicken Infectious Anemia virus induces apoptosis and causes destruction of infected lymphocytes.

A

True!

29
Q

All of the following are related to the pathogenesis of chicken infectious anemia, except:
A. Immunosuppression and aplastic anemia
B. Birds are vulnerable to secondary bacterial and fungal infections
C. Virus replication in oviduct of chicken may be regulated by estrogen, allowing more efficient vertical transmission.
D. Virus replication in oviduct of chicken may be regulated by progesterone, allowing more efficient vertical transmission.

A

D. Virus replication in oviduct of chicken may be regulated by progesterone, allowing more efficient vertical transmission.
–is is regulated by estrogen!

30
Q

All of the following are clinical signs and lesions of Chicken infectious anemia virus, except:
A. chicks are anoretic, lethargic, depressed, reduced body weight gain, and pale
B. PCV (Packed cell volume) is low (in chicks, anemia is defined as a PCV < 27)
C. Blood may be watery and clot slowly as a result of thrombocytopenia
D. Subcutaneous hemorrhages and skeletal hemorrhages, pale muscles.
E. Pale carcass
F. Femur with pale aplastic bone marrow
G. Atrophied bursa
H. CAV- induced thymic enlargement

A

H. CAV- induced thymic enlargement

–remember it causes immunosuppression and you get CAV- induced thymic atrophy!

31
Q 
How do you diagnose Chicken infectious anemia virus?
A. Examination of Feces
B. Examination of Urine
C. Examination of Blood
E. All of the above
A

C. Examination of Blood
–Low PCV, examination of blood for total erythrocytic count will reveal anemia, thrombocytopenia, blood watery and will clot slowly.

32
Q

T/F: The presence of antibodies of chicken infectious anemia virus in breeders greatly reduces vertical as well as horizontal transmission.

A

True!

33
Q

T/F: The aim of vaccination of chicken infectious anemia virus is to protect the progeny form unvaccinated breeders from early infection by means of maternally derived antibodies.

A

FASLE!!!
–The aim of vaccination is to protect the progeny form VACCINATED breeders from early infection by means of maternally derived antibodies.

34
Q

T/F: Live vaccines are available for vaccination of antibody- positive breeder flocks before the start of egg production.

A

FALSE!!!

–Live vaccines are available for vaccination of antibody- NEGATIVE breeder flocks before the start of egg production.

RUSVM Virology Summer 2017 (23 decks)

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