Cultivation of Viruses Flashcards
T/F: Viruses have the genetic capability to multiply by division.
FALSE!
–They DO NOT have the genetic capability to multiply by division.
Outside the host cell, viruses are ________/_________ particles.
inert/ dormant
What do viruses need in order to replicated and generate the next progeny of viruses?
A living host cell
What does the virus do once inside the host cell?
the virus hijacks and utilizes the host cell machinery to produce its proteins and nucleic acid for the next generation of virus .
What are the possible ways to Grow/ Cultivate viruses?
1) Cell/ Tissue Culture
2) Inoculated in Embryonate Egg
3) Laboratory Animals
Monolayer Cultures
When the bottom of the CULTURE vessel is COVERED WITH a CONTINUOUS LAYER OF CELLS, usually one cell in thickness.
Primary Cell Culture
This is the maintenance of growth of cells dissociated DIRECTLY FROM the PARENTAL TISSUE (such as kidney or liver) of human or animal origin.
What is the best culture system for isolation and propagation of viruses?
Primary Cell Culture
Which cultivation method, of viruses, is used in producing viral vaccines?
Primary Cell Culture
Secondary Culture/ Transfer Culture cell line includes:
1) Finite/ Dipoid Cell lines (Can be used for vaccine production)
2) Continuous Cell lines ( Can NOT be used for vaccine production because it is directly derived from cancer cells)
Subculture (or passage)
refers to the transfer of cells from one culture vessels to another culture vessel (it is apart of Secondary Culture/ Transfer Culture)
What is periodically required to provide fresh nutrients and growing space for continuously growing cell lines?
Secondary/ Transfer Culture
Finite/ Diploid Cell Lines
Cell lines which have a LIMITED LIFE SPAN and go through a LIMITED NUMBER of CELL GENERATIONS.
- Derived mainly from embryos or from secondary cell cultures
- CAN BE USED FOR VACCINE PRODUCTION
Continuous Cell Line
Acquire the ability to divide indefinitely (also knows as Immortal or Heteroploid cell line).
- Derived directly FROM CANCER CELLS!
- Can NOT be used for vaccine production
Which cell line does the FDA prohibit the use of in vaccine production?
Continous/ Immortal/ Heteroploid Cell Line
Culture Medium
Provides all the necessary nutrients (amino acids, inorganic salts, Vitamins, and Glucose) required for growth of cells.
Serum in Culture Media is required for _______ and __________ of cells.
Growth and Maintenance of cells
What is the serum in culture media for?
Helps in cell adhesion, regulates cell membrane permeability and provides nutrients.
What is the most widely used animal serum supplement?
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)
What indicator indicates the change in pH (fall in pH) by changing color of medium from red to orange or yellow?
Phenol Red pH Indicator
It is necessary to use exogenous CO2 when using media buffered with CO2- bicarbonate based buffer to maintain ______________?
the pH of the medium
What is added to the cell culture environment to prevent contamination with bacteria, mycoplasma, yeast, molds, etc.?
Antimicrobial Agents.
What proteolytic enzyme is used to detach and dissociate cells while sub-culturing?
Trypsin
___________ refers to damage or morphological changes to host cells during virus invasion.
Cytopathic Effect or Cytopathogenic Effect (CPE)
Routes of Egg Inoculation:
1) Yolk Sac Inoculation
2) Allantoic Cavity Inoculation
3) Amniotic Cavity Inoculation
4) Chorioallantoic Membrane Inoculation (CAM)
What evidence of virus growth is observed in inoculation of a virus in a embryonate egg?
1) Death of the embryo
2) Paralysis (sluggish movement)
3) Stunted growth
4) Pocks on Chorioallantoic Membrane
