Diagnosis of Viral Infections 1 and 2 Flashcards
No or low individual risk and No or low community risk; is which Risk group?
Risk group 1
Moderate Individual risk and Low community risk; is which Risk group?
Risk group 2
High individual Risk and Low community risk; is which Risk group?
Risk group 3
High individual risk, and High community risk; is which Risk group?
Risk group 4
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. This is an example of which risk group?
Risk group 3
A pathogen that usually causes serous human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. This is an example of which risk group?
Risk group 4
Effective treatment and preventive measure are typically available in which risk group?
Risk group 3
Effective treatment and prevention measures are NOT usually available for which risk group?
Risk group 4
Which BSL # handles dangerous and exotic pathogens that belong to the highest risk group, risk group 4, such as ebola virus?
BSL- 4 (biosafety level 4)
Biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans is: A. Biosecurity B. Aerosol C. Biosafety D. Biohazard
D. Biohazard
Describes the containment principles, technologies and practices that are implemented to prevent the unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release. A. Biosecurity B. Aerosol C. Biosafety D. Biohazard
C. Biosafety
Very small droplets of fluid that can spread via air. Viruses can spread in lab through this route: A. Biosecurity B. Aerosol C. Biosafety D. Biohazard
B. Aerosol
Describes the protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials (VBM) within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or intentional release. A. Biosecurity B. Aerosol C. Biosafety D. Biohazard
A. Biosecurity
When should sample collection take place for virus isolation?
Specimens should be collected as SOON AFTER ONSET OF SYMPTOMS as possible, because maximal amounts (titers) of virus are usually present at the onset of signs.
the chance of viral recovery is best during the first _____ days after onset and is greatly reduced beyond _____ days with many viruses.
3 days; 5 days
_____ specimens are generally collected for serological tests.
two blood specimens
- one during the acute phase of illness
- the second during the convalescence period
T/F: the convalescence period varies upon type of virus; and usually is 10-14 days after the first sample collection for a serological test but could be more.
True.
As a general rule, specimens collected for _________ diagnostics, such as PCR, should be obtained during the early part of the illness.
Molecular
What should you transport swabs in?
Viral Transport Medium (VTM)
To prevent spillage, it is recommended to follow the _________ packaging system while transporting infectious materials
Basic Triple
Diagnosis of viral infections can be made via: A. clinical signs B. Necropsy C. Histopathology D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Detection of viruses can be made by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Electron Microscopy
B. Inoculation in Eggs
C. Light Microscopy (without using a serological assay)
D. Cultivation/ Isolation of Viruses in Cell/ Tissue Culture
C. Light Microscopy
– it is not one of the listed 3 in the lecture, however if using Immunohistochemistry serological assay for detection of viruses the enzyme used in this assay reacts with a substrate to produce a colored product that can be visualized in the infected cells with a standard light microscope.
