Diagnosis of Viral Infections 3

Question 1

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the amplification of viral genome/ DNA.
A. Genome sequencing 
B. PCR
C. Metagenomics 
D. Viral Culture

Answer 1

B. PCR

Question 2

What does PCR stand for?

Answer 2

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 3

How does PCR work (in the correct order)?
A. Denature, Extension/ Elongation, Annealing
B. Denature, Annealing, Extension/ Elongation
C. Elongation/ Extension, Annealing, Denature
D. Annealing, Denature, Extension/ Elongation

Answer 3

B. Denature, Annealing, Extension/ Elongation

Question 4

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an advanced form of PCR which allows monitoring and quantification of increasing accumulation of PCR products/ nucleic acid load as the reaction progresses. It is useful to study virus load in patient. 
A. Qualitative PCR
B. Real- time PCR
C. Quantitative PCR
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C

Answer 4

E. Both B and C

Real- time PCR or Quantitative PCR

Question 5

\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the process by which the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule is elucidated/ can be obtained and read. 
A. Next Generation sequencing
B. Genome sequencing (DNA sequencing) 
C. Metagenomics
D. Microarrays

Answer 5

B. Genome sequencing (DNA sequencing)

Question 6

Which of the following is not a property of next generation sequencing?
A. significantly cheaper
B. quicker
C. needs significantly less DNA
D. has low throughput
E. more accurate and reliable than Sanger sequencing
F. The premise is false, all of the above are true

Answer 6

D. has low throughput

–It has HIGH throughput!!

Question 7

Genome sequencing plays a crucial role in surveillance studies as it allows for:
A. Pathogen detection
B. Studies on genetic variation, such as genotyping, evolution and interspecies transmission of pathogens
C. Identification of novel and undiscovered strains
D. Development of diagnostics, such as genotyping primers, or probes
E. Identification of genes associated with drug resistance
F. Development of therapeutics
G. Judging the efficacy of current vaccines and formulating new vaccine strategies
H. A-F
I. All of the above

Answer 7

I. All of the above

Question 8

\_\_\_\_ analysis is the use of virus genome sequence data to study evolution of viruses and genetic relationships among viruses.
A. Phylogenetic
B. Quantitative 
C. Qualitative
D. PCR

Answer 8

A. Phylogenetic

Question 9

T/F: In microarray, several thousands of known DNAs (probes) amplified by PCRs/ RT-PCRs, are spotted onto a glass or silicon chip.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: The target/ sample DNA are fluorescently labeled and then hybridized/ added to the petri dish containing DNA probes during Microarrays.

Answer 10

FALSE!!!
–The target/ sample DNA are fluorescently labeled and then hybridized/ added to the CHIP containing DNA probes during Microarrays.

Question 11

T/F: Negative reactions between probe- DNA and Sample DNA hybridization generate a fluorescent signal from the spot where probe DNA is spotted in the chip.

Answer 11

FALSE!!!!
–POSITIVE REACTIONS between probe- DNA and Sample DNA hybridization generate a fluorescent signal from the spot where probe DNA is potted in the chip.

Question 12

What is the advantage of microarrays in detection of pathogens in surveillance studies? (choose the answer that is MOST correct)
A. hundreds of bacteria can be screened for simultaneously using a single microarray chip.
B. hundreds of viruses can be screened for simultaneously using a single microarray chip.
C. hundreds of pathogens can be screened for simultaneously using a single microarray chip.
D. millions of viruses can be screened for simultaneously using a single microarray chip.

Answer 12

C. hundreds of pathogens can be screened for simultaneously using a single microarray chip.

Question 13

Targets to be detected in microarrays depend on: 
A. The DNA microarray
B. Fluorescence used
C. DNA probes
D. A and C
E. All of the above

Answer 13

D. A and C

the DNA microarray and DNA probes