Exrectory System

Question 1

What is the process by which wastes are eliminated from the body?

Answer 1

Excretion

Question 2

Which organ excretes excess water and salts in the form of sweat?

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

What do the lungs primarily excrete?

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide

Question 4

What major role do the kidneys play in the excretory system?

Answer 4

Remove waste products from the blood

Question 5

List three functions of the kidneys.

Answer 5

• Remove waste products from the blood
• Maintain blood pH
• Regulate the water content of the blood

Question 6

Where are the kidneys located in the body?

Answer 6

On either side of the spinal column near the lower back

Question 7

What is the name of the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

Answer 7

Ureter

Question 8

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 8

Store urine before being excreted

Question 9

How does blood enter the kidney?

Answer 9

Through the renal artery

Question 10

What happens to the blood after the kidneys filter it?

Answer 10

Clean, filtered blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein

Question 11

What are the two distinct regions of a kidney?

Answer 11

• Renal medulla
• Renal cortex

Question 12

What are the functional units of the kidney called?

Answer 12

Nephrons

Question 13

What is the inner part of the kidney known as?

Answer 13

Renal medulla

Question 14

What is the outer part of the kidney called?

Answer 14

Renal cortex

Question 15

What supplies blood to each nephron?

Answer 15

A network of capillaries

Question 16

What is the role of Bowman’s capsule in the nephron?

Answer 16

Filters impurities from the blood

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The purified blood exits the nephron through the _______.

Answer 17

Venule

Question 18

What structure collects urine from the nephrons?

Answer 18

Collecting duct

Question 19

True or False: The renal artery carries clean blood into the kidney.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What are the two distinct processes involved in blood purification?

Answer 20

Filtration and reabsorption

Question 21

What is the process of passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove wastes called?

Answer 21

Filtration

Question 22

Where does the filtration of blood mainly take place?

Answer 22

In the glomerulus

Question 23

What is the hollow, cup-shaped structure that encases the glomerulus?

Answer 23

Bowman’s capsule

Question 24

What materials are filtered from the blood in the glomerulus?

Answer 24

Both good things and bad things

Question 25

What is too large to pass through the capillary walls during filtration?

Answer 25

Cells

Question 26

What is the process called in which liquid is taken back into a vessel?

Answer 26

Reabsorption

Question 27

What percentage of water that enters Bowman’s capsule is reabsorbed into the blood?

Answer 27

Almost 99%

Question 28

What is the remaining material called after most water and nutrients have been reabsorbed?

Answer 28

Urine

Question 29

Where is urine primarily concentrated?

Answer 29

In the loop of Henle

Question 30

What is the tube called through which urine is released from the body?

Answer 30

Urethra

Question 31

What largely determines how the kidneys function?

Answer 31

What is in the blood

Question 32

What happens to the rate of water reabsorption when the amount of water in the blood increases?

Answer 32

It decreases

Question 33

What response do the kidneys have when they detect an increase in salt in the blood?

Answer 33

They return less salt to the blood by reabsorption

Question 34

What are the two options if both kidneys are damaged by disease or injury?

Answer 34

A kidney transplant or kidney dialysis

Question 35

True or False: Humans can survive with only one kidney.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The process of blood purification involves _______ and reabsorption.

Answer 36

Filtration