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Human Physiology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four functions of the circulatory system?

A
  1. Transport materials to cells
  2. Transport wastes from cells
  3. Maintain constant body temperature
  4. Fight disease
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2
Q

What three materials do cells need?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Nutrients: sugar, amino acids
  3. Hormones
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3
Q

What two wastes are transported from cells?

A
  1. Urea
  2. Carbon dioxide
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4
Q

The heart acts as a ______ pump.

A

A: double

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5
Q

How does the heart act as a double pump?

A

A: one side pumps oxygen-rich blood and the other pumps oxygen-poor blood

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6
Q

What is the heart beat controlled by?

A

A: pacemaker

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7
Q

What are valves?

A

A: flaps of tissue

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8
Q

Where are valves found?

A

A: in the heart

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9
Q

What do valves do?

A

A: keep the blood from flowing backwards

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10
Q

What is the sac surrounding the heart?

A

A: pericardium

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11
Q

What two things does the pericardium do?

A
  1. Protects the heart
  2. Lubricates the heart
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12
Q

What is blood?

A

A: a fluid tissue

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13
Q

What does blood do?

A

A: carry things to and from cells

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14
Q

What does blood carry to and away from the heart?

A

A: oxygen, nutrients like sugar and amino acids, hormones, wastes

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15
Q

What percentage of blood is your body mass?

A

A: 7%

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16
Q

How many liters of blood are there in an adult human body?

A

A: 4-6L

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17
Q

What are the four parts of blood?

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Red blood cells
  3. White blood cells
  4. Platelets
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18
Q

What does plasma do?

A

A: liquid that carries everything

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19
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

A: carry oxygen

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20
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

A: fight infection

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21
Q

What do platelets do?

A

A: make clotting possible

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22
Q

What percent of blood is plasma?

A

A: 55%

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23
Q

What is the most numerous cell in the body?

A

A: red blood cells

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24
Q

What is the shape of red blood cells?

A

A: disc shaped and thinner in the center

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25
Q

Where are red blood cells produced?

A

A: in the red marrow of long bones

26
Q

Where are red blood cells destroyed?

A

A: in the liver and spleen

27
Q

What do red blood cells contain? What is its job?

A

A: hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to cells

28
Q

How long do red blood cells live for?

A

A: 120-125 days

29
Q

How many red blood cells are in one drop of blood?

A

A: 5 million

30
Q

What type of cell has different types?

A

A: white blood cells

31
Q

There are _____ white blood cells than red blood cells.

A

A: fewer

32
Q

How do white blood cells fight disease?

A

A: forming antibodies and engulfing bacteria

33
Q

What three materials make puss?

A
  1. Dead tissue
  2. White blood cells
  3. Dead bacteria
34
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries
35
Q

What direction do arteries carry blood?

A

A: away from the heart

36
Q

Arteries _____ blood when cut.

A

A: spurt

37
Q

All arteries carry oxygenated blood beside the _________ arteries.

A

A: pulmonary

38
Q

Arteries are _____ walled and _______.

A

A: thick, elastic

39
Q

What is pulse?

A

A: the expansion and contraction of artery walls due to heart beat

40
Q

What direction do veins carry blood?

A

A: toward the heart

41
Q

What do veins contain?

A

A: valves

42
Q

Most veins carry ________ blood.

A

A: deoxygenated

43
Q

What do veins depend on for blood flow?

A

A: muscle movement

44
Q

What do capillaries connect?

A

A: arteries to veins

45
Q

How big are capillaries?

A

A: microscopic: one cell thick walls

46
Q

What are capillaries the site of?

A

A: exchange between blood and cells

47
Q

What do lymph vessels do?

A

A: collect blood that leaks out of blood vessels

48
Q

What do major lymph vessels have?

A

A: lymph nodes

49
Q

What do lymph nodes contain?

A

A: white blood cells

50
Q

What do white blood cells in lymph nodes do?

A

A: filter bacteria and dead cells from the lymph

51
Q

What are seven causes of high blood pressure?

A
  1. Excess sodium intake
  2. Stress
  3. Cigarettes (nicotine)
  4. Saturated fats
  5. Alcohol and caffeine
  6. Obesity
  7. Heredity and aging
52
Q

What is the medical term for “heart attack”?

A

A: myocardial infarction

53
Q

What is the medical term for “high blood pressure”?

A

A: hypertension

54
Q

What is the medical term for “low blood pressure”?

A

A: hypotension

55
Q

What is the medical term for “clot in the brain”?

A

A: stroke

56
Q

What is the medical term for “severe chest pain”?

A

A: angina pectoris

57
Q

What is the medical term for “sickle shaped red blood cells”?

A

A: sickle cell anemia

58
Q

What is the medical term for “very low red blood count”?

A

A: anemia

59
Q

What is the medical term for “cancer of the blood and elevated white blood cell count”?

A

A: leukemia

60
Q

What is the medical term for “enlargement of veins”?

A

A: varicose veins

61
Q

What is the medical term for “irregularities of the heart rhythm”?

A

A: arrhythmias

62
Q

What is the medical term for “no clotting factor in the blood”?

A

A: hemophilia

Human Physiology (17 decks)

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