Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the seven functions of skin?

Answer 1

1. Forms body covering
2. Waterproof barrier
3. Protective barrier against damage (mechanical, chemical, thermal, UV, bacteria
4. Regulates heat loss
5. Secretes sweat and oils
6. Makes proteins (to make keratin) and vitamin D
7. Provides sensory information

Question 2

What are the two main layers of skin?

Answer 2

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis

Question 3

What is beneath the dermis?

Answer 3

A: the hypodermis and loose connective tissues

Question 4

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 4

A: a layer of fat

Question 5

What does the hypodermis and loose connective tissue do?

Answer 5

A: insulate the body

Question 6

What is the outer layer of the skin?

Answer 6

A: epidermis

Question 7

How many layers does the epidermis have?

Answer 7

A: two

Question 8

What is the outer layer and inner layer of the epidermis made up of?

Answer 8

A: the utter layer is made up of dead cells, and the inner layer is made up of living cells

Question 9

What do older cells start creating?

Answer 9

A: keratin

Question 10

What is keratin?

Answer 10

A: a tough fibrous protein

Question 11

When cells die what do they form?

Answer 11

A: a waterproof covering on the skin surface

Question 12

What else does the epidermis contain?

Answer 12

A: melanocytes

Question 13

What do melanocytes produce?

Answer 13

A: melanin

Question 14

What is melanin?

Answer 14

A: a dark brown pigment

Question 15

What does melanin do?

Answer 15

A: protect the skin from sun damage

Question 16

What do differences in skin colour result from?

Answer 16

A: different amounts of melanin, and where melanocytes are distributed

Question 17

What seven things does the dermis contain

Answer 17

1. Collagen fibres
2. Blood vessels
3. Nerve endings
4. Glands
5. Sensory receptors
6. Smooth muscles
7. Hair follicles

Question 18

What two major types of glands does the dermis contain?

Answer 18

1. Sweat
2. Sebaceous

Question 19

If the body gets too hot, what happens?

Answer 19

A: sweat glands produce sweat

Question 20

When sweat evaporates what happens?

Answer 20

A: it cools the body

Question 21

What else does sweat do?

Answer 21

A: gets rid of waste and water from the blood

Question 22

What do sebaceous glands produce?

Answer 22

A: an oily secretion called sebum

Question 23

What does sebum do?

Answer 23

A: keeps the skin, flexible, and waterproof

Question 24

What are the four functions of the hair?

Answer 24

1. Protects the skull from ultraviolet light.
2. Provides insulation from cold.
3. Shields eyes from dirt and UV light.
4. Prevents dirt and other particles from entering the respiratory system.

Question 25

What is hair produced by?

Answer 25

A: hair follicles

Question 26

What are hair follicles?

Answer 26

A: tube like pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis

Question 27

What is an individual hair?

Answer 27

A column of cells that are filled with keratin and died

Question 28

How does sebum help hair?

Answer 28

A: maintain the condition of each individual hair

Question 29

What is the gray hair caused by?

Answer 29

A: absence of melanin

Question 30

How do nails grow?

Answer 30

A: from rapidly dividing cells in the nail root

Question 31

What happens during cell division?

Answer 31

A: cells filled with keratin and produce a plate like nail

Question 32

What do nails do?

Answer 32

A: cover and protect the fingertips and toes