Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the five main parts of the skeletal system?
- Bones
- Joints
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
- Tendons
What is a joint?
A: where two bones meet
What is cartilage?
A: a tough, flexible material
What is a ligaments?
A: joints bone to bone
What is a tendon?
A: joins bone to muscle
What are the five functions of bones?
- Support of the body
- Protection of soft organs
- Movement due to skeletal muscles
- Storage of minerals and fats
- Blood cell formation
How many bones does an adult human normally have?
A: 206
What are the two basic types of bone tissue?
- Compact bone
- Spongy bone
What are three characteristics of compact bone?
- Dense
- Strong
- Durable
What are two characteristics of spongy bone?
- Small needle like pieces of bone
- Many open spaces
What are the four types of bones?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
What are long bones? Give two examples.
A: bones that are longer than they are wide
1. Arms
2. Legs
What are short bones? Give two examples.
A: usually square in shape: cube like
1. Wrist
2. Ankle
What are flat bones? Give two examples.
A: flat, curved
1. Skull
2. Sternum
What are irregular bones? Give two examples.
A: odd shapes
1. Vertebrae
2. Pelvis
What is the skeleton of embryos made of?
A: cartilage
When is the cartilage in embryos replaced by bone?
A: during development
Where does cartilage remain after development? Name three places.
A: isolated spots
1. Bridge of the nose
2. Parts of the ribs
3. Joints
What are the five types of fractures?
- Greenstick
- Spiral
- Comminuted
- Transverse
- Compound
What is a greenstick fracture?
A: when a bone is bent due to an incomplete fracture
What is a spiral fracture?
A: a fracture that twists around the bone
What is a comminuted fracture?
A: a fracture where the bone breaks into several pieces
What is a transverse fracture?
A: a fracture that occurs straight across the bone at a right angle
What is a compound fracture?
A: a fracture where the bone breaks and separates, possibly breaking through the skin
How many divisions is the skeletal system divided into?
A: two
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
What is the axial skeleton made up of?
A: the skull and spinal column (center of the body)
What is the appendicular skeleton made up of?
A: the limbs and pelvic girdle
Can fibrous joints move?
A: no, they are immovable
Fibrous joints connect _____ but provide no movement. What are two examples?
A: bones
1. Skull
2. Pelvis
Can cartilaginous joints move?
A: yes, they are slightly movable
Bones are attached by _________ and provide little to no movement. What are two examples?
A: cartilage
1. Spine
2. Ribs
Can synovial joints move?
A: yes, they are freely movable
________ between bones are filled with ________ fluid.
A: cavities, synovial
What does synovial fluid do?
A: help lubricate and protect the bones
Explain a gliding joint.
A: bones slide past each other
Explain a hinge joint.
A: allows movement in one direction
Explain a pivot joint.
A: allows bone rotation
Explain a condyloid joint.
A: does not allow rotation, but does allow movement back and forth and side to side
Explain a saddle joint.
A: does not allow rotation, but does allow movement back and forth and side to side
Explain a ball-and-socket joint.
A: bones can move in almost any direction
What is arthritis?
A: a disease that affects the joints, causing joint pain
What is bursitis?
A: inflammation of the bursa, a fluid sac surrounding the joint
What is tendonitis?
A: inflammation of tendons, usually due to overuse
What is osteoporosis?
A: a condition where bones have lost calcium, making them weaker, more brittle and susceptible to fractures
What is scoliosis?
A: an abnormal curvature of the spine
What is rickets?
A: the softening and wearing of bones in children, usually caused by a vitamin D deficiency
What is scurvy?
A: a vitamin C deficiency
What is gout?
A: a type of arthritis caused by an overload of uric acid in the body
What is acromegaly?
A: a condition caused by too much growth hormone in the body
What is osteosarcoma?
A: the most common type of bone cancer
What is leukemia?
A: cancer of the blood cells
