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Human Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five main parts of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Bones
  2. Joints
  3. Cartilage
  4. Ligaments
  5. Tendons
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2
Q

What is a joint?

A

A: where two bones meet

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3
Q

What is cartilage?

A

A: a tough, flexible material

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4
Q

What is a ligaments?

A

A: joints bone to bone

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5
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A: joins bone to muscle

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6
Q

What are the five functions of bones?

A
  1. Support of the body
  2. Protection of soft organs
  3. Movement due to skeletal muscles
  4. Storage of minerals and fats
  5. Blood cell formation
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7
Q

How many bones does an adult human normally have?

A

A: 206

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8
Q

What are the two basic types of bone tissue?

A
  1. Compact bone
  2. Spongy bone
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9
Q

What are three characteristics of compact bone?

A
  1. Dense
  2. Strong
  3. Durable
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10
Q

What are two characteristics of spongy bone?

A
  1. Small needle like pieces of bone
  2. Many open spaces
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11
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
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12
Q

What are long bones? Give two examples.

A

A: bones that are longer than they are wide
1. Arms
2. Legs

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13
Q

What are short bones? Give two examples.

A

A: usually square in shape: cube like
1. Wrist
2. Ankle

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14
Q

What are flat bones? Give two examples.

A

A: flat, curved
1. Skull
2. Sternum

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15
Q

What are irregular bones? Give two examples.

A

A: odd shapes
1. Vertebrae
2. Pelvis

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16
Q

What is the skeleton of embryos made of?

A

A: cartilage

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17
Q

When is the cartilage in embryos replaced by bone?

A

A: during development

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18
Q

Where does cartilage remain after development? Name three places.

A

A: isolated spots
1. Bridge of the nose
2. Parts of the ribs
3. Joints

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19
Q

What are the five types of fractures?

A
  1. Greenstick
  2. Spiral
  3. Comminuted
  4. Transverse
  5. Compound
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20
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

A: when a bone is bent due to an incomplete fracture

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21
Q

What is a spiral fracture?

A

A: a fracture that twists around the bone

22
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

A: a fracture where the bone breaks into several pieces

23
Q

What is a transverse fracture?

A

A: a fracture that occurs straight across the bone at a right angle

24
Q

What is a compound fracture?

A

A: a fracture where the bone breaks and separates, possibly breaking through the skin

25
Q

How many divisions is the skeletal system divided into?

A

A: two

26
Q

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Axial skeleton
  2. Appendicular skeleton
27
Q

What is the axial skeleton made up of?

A

A: the skull and spinal column (center of the body)

28
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton made up of?

A

A: the limbs and pelvic girdle

29
Q

Can fibrous joints move?

A

A: no, they are immovable

30
Q

Fibrous joints connect _____ but provide no movement. What are two examples?

A

A: bones
1. Skull
2. Pelvis

31
Q

Can cartilaginous joints move?

A

A: yes, they are slightly movable

32
Q

Bones are attached by _________ and provide little to no movement. What are two examples?

A

A: cartilage
1. Spine
2. Ribs

33
Q

Can synovial joints move?

A

A: yes, they are freely movable

34
Q

________ between bones are filled with ________ fluid.

A

A: cavities, synovial

35
Q

What does synovial fluid do?

A

A: help lubricate and protect the bones

36
Q

Explain a gliding joint.

A

A: bones slide past each other

37
Q

Explain a hinge joint.

A

A: allows movement in one direction

38
Q

Explain a pivot joint.

A

A: allows bone rotation

39
Q

Explain a condyloid joint.

A

A: does not allow rotation, but does allow movement back and forth and side to side

40
Q

Explain a saddle joint.

A

A: does not allow rotation, but does allow movement back and forth and side to side

41
Q

Explain a ball-and-socket joint.

A

A: bones can move in almost any direction

42
Q

What is arthritis?

A

A: a disease that affects the joints, causing joint pain

43
Q

What is bursitis?

A

A: inflammation of the bursa, a fluid sac surrounding the joint

44
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

A: inflammation of tendons, usually due to overuse

45
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A: a condition where bones have lost calcium, making them weaker, more brittle and susceptible to fractures

46
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

A: an abnormal curvature of the spine

47
Q

What is rickets?

A

A: the softening and wearing of bones in children, usually caused by a vitamin D deficiency

48
Q

What is scurvy?

A

A: a vitamin C deficiency

49
Q

What is gout?

A

A: a type of arthritis caused by an overload of uric acid in the body

50
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

A: a condition caused by too much growth hormone in the body

51
Q

What is osteosarcoma?

A

A: the most common type of bone cancer

52
Q

What is leukemia?

A

A: cancer of the blood cells

Human Physiology (17 decks)

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