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Human Physiology > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four things the muscular system helps with?

A
  1. Move
  2. Pump blood
  3. Digest food
  4. Maintain body temperature
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2
Q

What percentage of body weight is muscle?

A

A: more than 50%

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3
Q

What are the two things muscles are made up of?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Water
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4
Q

About how many muscles are there in the human body?

A

A: 650

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5
Q

What three things do muscles enable us to do?

A
  1. Move
  2. Maintain posture
  3. Generate heat
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6
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A
  1. Cardiac
  2. Skeletal
  3. Smooth
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7
Q

Where are skeletal muscles found?

A

A: in limbs

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8
Q

Are skeletal muscles striated?

A

A: yes

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9
Q

How many nuclei are in one cell of a skeletal muscle?

A

A: three

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10
Q

Are skeletal muscles involuntary or voluntary?

A

A: voluntary

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11
Q

How are most skeletal muscles attached to bones?

A

A: by tendons

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12
Q

What are the four things skeletal muscles do?

A
  1. Move
  2. Maintain posture
  3. Generate heat
  4. Stabilize joints
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13
Q

Where are cardiac muscles found?

A

A: in the heart of

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14
Q

Are cardiac muscles striated?

A

A: yes

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15
Q

How many nuclei does one cell in a cardiac muscle contain?

A

A: one

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16
Q

Are cardiac muscles involuntary or voluntary?

A

A: involuntary

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17
Q

What is the main muscle of the heart?

A

A: cardiac muscle

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18
Q

What muscle is only found in the heart?

A

A: cardiac muscle

19
Q

What is the pumping mass of the heart?

A

A: cardiac muscle

20
Q

Cardiac muscle is ________ in humans.

A

A: critical

21
Q

Cardiac muscle makes the heart always ________ to its full extent.

A

A: contract

22
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

A: in the walls of hollow internal organs

23
Q

Are smooth muscles striated?

A

A: no

24
Q

Are smooth muscles involuntary or voluntary?

A

A: involuntary

25
Q

Where does the energy for muscle contractions come from?

A

A: the mitochondria of the muscle cells

26
Q

What do the mitochondria require?

A

A: oxygen

27
Q

When muscles are overworked, can they still get some energy without oxygen? What does this produce?

A

A: yes, lactic acid

28
Q

What does lactic acid do?

A

A: produces a burning sensation

29
Q

What does the burning sensation that lactic acid produces do?

A

A: forces you to relax your muscles

30
Q

What is ALS?

A

A: a nervous system disease

31
Q

What does ALS affect?

A

A: nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord

32
Q

What does ALS cause?

A

A: loss of muscle control

33
Q

What is ALS sometimes referred to as?

A

A: Lou Gehrig’s disease

34
Q

What is fibromyalgia?

A

A: chronic pain in muscles and bones

35
Q

What is an affect of fibromyalgia?

A

A: the brain nerves misinterpret or overreact to normal pain signals

36
Q

What might cause fibromyalgia?

A

A: chemical imbalance in the brain

37
Q

What is a sprain?

A

A: stretches or tears in ligaments

38
Q

What is a strain?

A

A: stretches or tears in muscles or tendons

39
Q

What is muscular dystrophy?

A

A: a group of diseases

40
Q

What does muscular dystrophy cause?

A

A: weakness and loss of muscle

41
Q

In muscular dystrophy, ________ genes (mutations) interfere with the production of ________ needed to form healthy muscle.

A

A: abnormal, proteins

42
Q

What is ALS? What does it affect? What does it cause? What is an alternative name for it?

A

A: a nervous system disease. Nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Loss of muscle control. Lou Gehrig’s disease.

43
Q

What is fibromyalgia? What does it do? What is it caused by?

A

A: chronic pain in muscles and bones. The brain misinterprets and overreacts to normal pain signals. Chemical imbalance in the brain.

44
Q

What is muscular dystrophy? What does it cause? How is it caused?

A

A: a group of diseases. Weakness and loss of muscle. Abnormal genes interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.

Human Physiology (17 decks)

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