Explain allopatric and sympatric speciation Flashcards
What is allopatric speciation?
Allopatric speciation is the process of speciation that occurs when populations are geographically isolated.
What is sympatric speciation?
Sympatric speciation is the process of speciation that occurs without geographical isolation, often through mechanisms like polyploidy or behavioral differences.
True or False: Allopatric speciation can occur due to physical barriers such as mountains or rivers.
True
Fill in the blank: In allopatric speciation, the populations become ________ isolated.
geographically
What is one common mechanism that can lead to sympatric speciation?
Polyploidy, which is the duplication of the entire set of chromosomes.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of allopatric speciation? A) Geographic isolation B) Genetic drift C) Behavioral isolation
C) Behavioral isolation
What role does natural selection play in allopatric speciation?
Natural selection can lead to adaptations in isolated populations, resulting in the development of new species.
True or False: Sympatric speciation often involves the development of reproductive barriers within the same geographic area.
True
What is a potential outcome of sympatric speciation?
The emergence of new species that coexist in the same habitat but exploit different resources.
Fill in the blank: Allopatric speciation often involves ________ events that separate populations.
dispersal or vicariance
Multiple Choice: Which of the following can lead to reproductive isolation in sympatric speciation? A) Temporal isolation B) Geographic isolation C) All of the above
A) Temporal isolation
How does genetic drift contribute to allopatric speciation?
Genetic drift can cause random changes in allele frequencies in isolated populations, leading to divergence.
True or False: Sympatric speciation is more common in animals than in plants.
False
What is one example of a factor that can cause sympatric speciation?
Changes in habitat use or dietary preferences among individuals in the same area.
Fill in the blank: The process of ________ can lead to sympatric speciation in plants through the formation of new polyploid species.
polyploidy
Multiple Choice: What type of isolation occurs when two populations breed at different times? A) Temporal isolation B) Behavioral isolation C) Mechanical isolation
A) Temporal isolation
What is the significance of reproductive barriers in speciation?
Reproductive barriers prevent interbreeding between populations, allowing them to evolve independently.
True or False: Allopatric speciation is typically a slow process.
True
What is one example of a geographic barrier that can lead to allopatric speciation?
A mountain range or a body of water.
Fill in the blank: In sympatric speciation, new species arise from ________ populations without geographical separation.
the same
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of allopatric speciation? A) Cichlid fish in the same lake B) Darwin’s finches on different islands C) Tree frogs with different mating calls
B) Darwin’s finches on different islands
What is the main difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
The main difference is that allopatric speciation involves geographic isolation, while sympatric speciation occurs without it.
True or False: Sympatric speciation can occur through behavioral changes in mating preferences.
True
What is the role of environmental factors in sympatric speciation?
Environmental factors can create niches that lead to resource partitioning and eventual speciation.
