Examples of Earthquakes Flashcards
Give some facts and statistics about Kaikoura, New Zealand, relating to an earthquake and its effects.
Population of Kaikoura is only 36,000. 1000 tourists. Not a densely populated area.
Give some facts and statistics about Gorkha, Nepal, relating to an earthquake and its effects.
Very densely populated. LIC means that there was a poor response. Lack of resources. Saturday meant that children were not at school.
Give the date and Richter scale measurement for the Kaikoura earthquake.
Date: 14th November 2016, 0.02am. 7.8 Richter Scale earthquake.
What was the plate boundary for the Kaikoura earthquake, and what two plates were involved?
It is a destructive plate boundary, between the Pacific and Australian plates.
Primary social effect of the Kaikoura earthquake?
2 people died and 60 needed emergency housing.
Secondary social effect of the Kaikoura earthquake?
There was a shortage of housing available to rent, so some moved to the larger city of Christchurch.
Primary economic effect of the Kaikoura earthquake?
$8.5 billion in damages.
Secondary economic effect of the Kaikoura earthquake?
The fishing and tourism industries were disconnected from the potential tourists that would have visited in the peak visitor season.
Primary environmental effect of the Kaikoura earthquake?
Water and sewerage were also cut off so sewage systems became full. No new sewage tanks could be brought in to resolve the issue and the extra sewage had to be discharged into the sea.
Secondary environmental effect of the Kaikoura earthquake?
100,000 landslides blocked roads and railways. A landslide blocked the Clarence River causing flooding. The earthquake triggered a tsunami of 5m, leaving debris up to 250 metres inland.
Name three immediate reponses of the Kaikoura earthquake.
200 vulnerable people were evacuated by helicopter. Power was restored within hours. Temporary water supplies were set up.
Name three long-term responses of the Kaikoura earthquake.
$5.3 million from District Council for repairs and rebuilding. By March 2017, a permanent water main had been laid in Kaikoura, the new pipe was designed to move with any future earthquake so it will not break. Road and rail routes reopened within two years.
Give the date and Richter scale measurement for the Gorkha, Nepal earthquake.
Date: 25th April 2015. 7.8 Richter Scale earthquake struck Nepal in Asia.
Give the location of the epicentre and focus of the Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake and also the plate boundary it occurred, and what plates were involved.
The Earthquake occurred on a destructive collision plate boundary (Indian and Eurasian plate). The focus was only 8 kilometres deep. The epicentre was just 60 kilometres north-west from the capital Kathmandu.
Primary social effect of the Gorkha earthquake?
8,841 dead. 1 million people left homeless. 26 hospitals destroyed. 50% of schools destroyed.
Secondary social effect of the Gorkha earthquake?
19 died from avalanche triggered from the earthquake in Mount Everest.
Primary economic effect of the Gorkha earthquake?
The cost of the Earthquake was estimated to be $5 billion.
Secondary economic effect of the Gorkha earthquake?
Tourism employment and income declined. Rice seed ruined, causing food shortage and income loss.
Primary environmental effect of the Gorkha earthquake?
Carcasses, debris from buildings, and hazardous waste from laboratories and industries led to the contamination of water sources.
Secondary environmental effect of the Gorkha earthquake?
Landslides and avalanches led to an increase of debris in the rivers which caused flooding.
Name three immediate responses to the Gorkha earthquake.
UK’s Disaster Emergency Committee (DEC) raised $126 million in September 2015, Red Cross set up 225,000 temporary shelters, however Nepal’s mountainous terrain and inadequate roads made it difficult for aid to reach remote villages. 315,000 people were cut off by road, and Facebook launched a safety feature for users to indicate they were safe.
Name three long-term responses to the Gorkha earthquake.
8 months after the Earthquake, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported $274 million of aid had been committed. Over 7000 schools were rebuilt. The Durbar Square heritage sites were reopened in June 2015 to attract tourists.
