EXAM1- Health Screening EXTRA Flashcards
what does pre-participation screening do
-minimizes risks associated with physical activity
-involves gathering + analyzing demographic + health-related info on a client along with some medical/health assessments such as the presence of signs + symptoms to aid decision making on a client’s physical activity future
-allows exercise physiologist to make informed decisions about an individual’s physical ability + limitations when engaging in an exercise program
1 reason to conduct screening
to identify medical contraindications to exercise participation
-important to do pre-participation screening because it will be brought up if you are sued
Surgeon General Report in 1996 stated that what people should consult a physician before starting an exercise program
-previously inactive men over age 40
-previously inactive women over age 50
-people at risk for CVD
if exercise professional doesn’t do health screening, they have potential of being sued for ____
negligence
if an exercise professional diagnoses a client with a disorder…
they may be charged with practicing
-depending on extent of diagnoses this can be charged as a misdemeanor or felony
ACSM used to have what
risk stratification
-now relies on physical activity history of participant as well as presence of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease
what organization still uses risk stratification
AHA
2 levels of screening for ACSM
-self-guided
-professional
questionnaries/screening tools
2022 PAR-Q+
determines client’s readiness for physical activity
questionnaries/screening tools
signs + symptoms of disease + medical clearance
identifies individuals in need of medical referral + to obtain evidence of physician approval for exercise testing in participation (health history questionnaire)
questionnaries/screening tools
coronary risk factor analysis
determines the number of coronary risk factors + decide if + what type of exercise intervention can improve these issues (health history questionnaire)
questionnaries/screening tools
medical history
reviews client’s past + present personal and family history, focusing on conditions requiring medical referral + clearance (health history questionnaire)
questionnaries/screening tools
lifestyle evaluation
obtains info about the client’s living habits (health history questionnaire)
questionnaries/screening tools
informed consent
explains the purpose, risks + benefits of physical fitness tests + to obtain client’s consent for participation in these tests
PAR-Q
7 yes/no questions
-used to assess physical readiness + identify those for whom strenuous physical activity isn’t recommended, completed by client
how does PAR-Q+ differ from PAR-Q
more specific, detailed about the client
Parmed-x form
for people identified at risk on PAR-Q, completed by healthcare professional
-anything that makes you worry should be sent to physician so that it doesn’t come back on you
-Parmed-x speeds up process to ensure patient is correctly answering questions you are concerned with
health history questionnare (HHQ)
-used to establish medical/health risks for both activity assessment + activity participation
-used to determine how many risk factors for CAD a client has, if the client needs to be referred to a physician, + any modifications that may need to be made to the exercise program
what does the health history questionnarie (HHQ) address
-family history of CMR
-history of various diseases/illnesses including CVD
-surgical history
-past + present health behaviors/habits
-current use of various drugs/medications
-specific history of various signs/symptoms suggests of CVD + other chronic or metabolic disease
ACSM pre-participation health-screening
CVD risk factor assessment + risk classification are no longer part of exercise pre-participation health screening process
ACSM new health-screening process focuses on what 3 things
-individual’s current level of physical activity
-presence of signs/symptoms of known CV, metabolic, or renal disease
-desired exercise intensity, as these variables have been identified as risk modulators of exercise-related CV events
why did ACSM change the screening process
-whether a person exercises or not has a bigger impact than the person actually having the disease
-someone that is sedentary is significantly more likely to have MI than someone that exercises
blood flow through the heart
superior + inferior vena cava ->
R atrium ->
tricuspid valve ->
R ventricle ->
pulmonary semilunar valve ->
pulmonary trunk ->
pulmonary arteries ->
lung tissue (pulmonary circulation) ->
pulmonary veins ->
L atrium ->
bicuspid valve ->
L ventricle ->
aortic semilunar valve ->
aorta ->
either to coronary arteries or body tissues (systemic circulation)
pulmonary circuit is left/right side of heart
right
systemic circuit is left/right side of heart
left
systemic circuit
-serves entire body
-high resistance
-high pressure head
-hypoxic vasodilation
-many vasomotor controls
pulmonary circuit
-serves only lungs
-low resistance
-low pressure head
-hypoxic vasoconstriction
-few vasomotor controls
systole
period of ventricular contraction
-blood ejected from ventricles
systolic BP
pressure exerted against arterial walls when heart is contracting
(peak pressure during systole)
diastole
period of ventricular relaxation
-blood fills the ventricles
diastolic BP
pressure exerted against arterial walls when heart is relaxing
(lowest pressure during diastole)
3 major factors that determine regulation of blood in the CV system
-blood pressure
-blood flow
-resistance
when we start exercising, where do we see vasodilation/constriction
-vasodilation in working muscles (more blood flow in those areas)
-vasoconstriction in visceral tissue (anything parasympathetically driven, GI tract, veins to increase return, etc.)
what controls BP long term
endocrine system
gold standard for measuring BP
direct measure of intra-arterial BP
clinically, how do we measure BP
indirectly via auscultation or oscillometry
auscultation
stethoscope + sphygmomanometer
oscillometry
automated electronic manometer, aka automatic cuff
what arteries are used to take BP
brachial artery
-radial can also be used
stages of BP
no flow (no sound) ->
turbulent flow (Korotkoff sounds) ->
laminar flow (no sound)
BP medications
-diuretics
-beta-blockers
-calcium channel blockers
-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
-vasodilators
when taking BP, we try to use what arm
left
-but you can use either because major arteries on both sides
HR is largely regulated by
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
3 pulse points for measuring HR
-radial
-brachial
-carotid (not typically used because of baroreceptors)
all exercise, regardless of type will increase what 2 things
-HR
-SBP
rate pressure product (RPP)
the product of HR + SBP
-RPP = HR x SBP
-used as indirect index of myocardial oxygen consumption, predicting cardiac function
depolarization of the heart towards the positive electrode produces a positive/negative deflection
positive
depolarization of the heart away from the positive electrode produces a positive/negative deflection
negative
repolarization of the heart towards the positive electrode produces a positive/negative deflection
negative
repolarization of the heart away from the positive electrode produces a positive/negative deflection
positive
what electrodes may be altered in females
V4-6
-due to breat tissue
ischemic threshold
the HR at which a 1 mm horizontal or down sloping ST segment depression appeared on a baseline treadmill exercise test, aka if we see ST segment dip below 1 block if isoelectric
-recommended to stay at least 10 bpm below ischemic threshold during exercise
5 components of health-related fitness
-CV endurance
-body composition
-muscular strength
-muscular endurance
-muscular flexibility
what components of heath-related fitness are global
-CV endurance
-body composition
what components of health-related fitnes are joint specific
-muscular strength
-muscular endurance
-muscular flexibility
CV endurance
evaluation of how well the heart, lungs, + vasculature deliver oxygen for muscle to utilize during exercise
body composition
evaluation of components of body, typically divided into 2 compartments (FM + FFM)
muscular strength
evaluation of how much force can be produced with maximal effort of a group/individual muscle
muscular strength uses what energy system
creatine phosphate
muscular endurance
evaluation of the ability of a muscle to continue contracting a muscle or group of muscles against resistance
muscular endurance uses what energy system
glycolysis
muscular flexibility
evaluation of the ability of a joint or series of joints to move through full ROM
6 skill-related components of fitness
-agility
-balance
-coordination
-speed
-power
-reaction time
agility
evaluation of the ability to rapidly change position in space with speed + accuracy
balance
evaluation of the ability to control body position
coordination
evaluation of the ability to use the body parts + senses together to produce smooth efficient movements
speed
evaluation of the ability to move the body or parts of the body as quickly as possible
power
evaluation of the combination of force (strength) + speed (velocity) in a muscle or group of muscles
reaction time
evaluation of the ability to respond consciously to an external stimulus
health-related components are for what population
general population
-skill-related is more relevant to sports
