*EXAM1- CV Assessments

Question 1

VO2 max

Answer 1

rate of oxygen uptake during maximal aerobic exercise

Question 2

VO2 max is the criterion measure for ____

Answer 2

CR fitness

Question 3

Fick equation

Answer 3

VO2 = Q x a-VO2 difference

Question 4

Q in Fick equation

Answer 4

cardiac output
-Q = HR x SV

Question 5

what is the central component of VO2 max

Answer 5

cardiac output

Question 6

what does better cardiac output mean

Answer 6

we can better pump blood to periphery

Question 7

main thing that changes SV with training

Answer 7

plasma volume
-quick adaptation, within weeks

Question 8

a-VO2 difference

Answer 8

difference in oxygen levels of the arteries + veins
-capillaries are found between arteries/veins + are where oxygen extractions occurs

Question 9

what is the peripheral component of VO2 max

Answer 9

a-VO2 difference

Question 10

a better a-VO2 difference means

Answer 10

we can better extract oxygen from environment

Question 11

what are some things that can increase a-VO2 difference

Answer 11

-# mitochondria
-# capillaries
-# aerobic enzymes
-capillary usage
-myoglobin
-etc.

Question 12

adaptations that increase cardiac output (which increases VO2 max)

Answer 12

increased:
-SNS activity
-norepinephrine
-Ca2+
-contractility
-plasma volume
-LV hypertrophy
-EDV (preload)
-SV
-muscle pump (contracting muscle)
-repsiratory pump (deeper breathing)
-venoconstriction (SNS)

decreased:
-constriction to active areas
-afterload

Question 13

adaptations that increase a-VO2 difference (which increases VO2 max)

Answer 13

increased:
-SNS activity
-arterioles to inactive areas
-muscle blood flow
-autoregulation (vasodilation)
-capillary #
-capillary recruitment
-mitochondria
-oxidative enzymes
-myoglobin

Question 14

how to convert from relative to absolute VO2

Answer 14

multiply x BW/1000

Question 15

units for absolute VO2

Answer 15

L/min
-or mL/min

Question 16

absolute VO2

Answer 16

-directly related to body size
-used to express energy expenditure in non-weight-bearing exercises

Question 17

what is absolute VO2 good for

Answer 17

bioenergetics
-we find out how many calories a person is burning, indirect calorimetry

Question 18

smaller/larger person will have a higher absolute VO2

Answer 18

larger

Question 19

units for relative VO2

Answer 19

mL/kg/min

Question 20

relative VO2 can be influenced by what

Answer 20

-changes in CV system
-changes in BW

Question 21

relative VO2

Answer 21

-compared across individuals
-used to express energy expenditure in weight-bearing exercises

Question 22

smaller/larger person would have a higher relative VO2

Answer 22

smaller

Question 23

when evaluating CR fitness, we use relative/absolute VO2

Answer 23

relative

Question 24

the older an individual gets…lower/higher VO2

Answer 24

lower

Question 25

what must we do before we start testing

Answer 25

estimate maximal HR

Question 26

HR max equation

Answer 26

220 - age

Question 27

what is the only thing that chronically affects maximal HR

Answer 27

age

Question 28

exam question- if someone has bad balanace, which mode should they use

Answer 28

cycle ergometry

Question 29

when would we use arm ergometry

Answer 29

lower limb disability patients

Question 30

a-VO2 difference graph

Answer 30

plateau around 40-60% max effort

Question 31

SV graph

Answer 31

plateau around 40-60% max effort

Question 32

MAP graph

Answer 32

linear increase entire time

Question 33

DBP graph

Answer 33

stays the same

Question 34

SBP graph

Answer 34

linear increase

Question 35

when would a submaximal test be terminated

Answer 35

if it reaches 85% client's HR max -because no longer submax

Question 36

assumptions for submaximal testing

Answer 36

-linear relationship between HR + VO2 between 110-150 bpm -HR from 2 workloads can be plotted against VO2 + used to extrapolate HR max; HR max is then used to estimate VO2 max -HR max is similar for individuals of similar age -steady state HR can be achieved in 3-4 min at the same workload -equal mechanical efficiency for everyone at a given workload; same caloric expenditure + same absolute oxygen requirements

Question 37

what plateaus at 40-60%

Answer 37

SV -after that, only HR will affect VO2

Question 38

general procedures for submaximal testing

Answer 38

-obtain resting HR + BP immediately before exercise in the exercising posture -client should be familiarized with equipment being used -2-3 min warm up -HR should be monitored for each stage of exercise + should be at steady state -steady state = within 5 bpm -BP should be measured once per stage -RPE should be monitored -appropriate cool down should be initiated -all physiological measurements should be continued for 5 min after test stops

Question 39

maximal testing

Answer 39

goes to volitional fatigue

Question 40

max or submax tests are more accurate

Answer 40

max

Question 41

if VO2 max isn't reached...

Answer 41

we hit a peak

Question 42

PRIMARY criteria for determining if individual hit a VO2 max

Answer 42

plateau in VO2 with an increased intensity <150 mL/min

Question 43

if primary criteria for determining if individual hit a VO2 max isn't reached...

Answer 43

2 of the criteria below must be reached to be considered a max -post-exercise blood lactate > 8 mmol/L -RER > 1.15 -reach max HR (220-age) +/- 10bpm -RPE > 17

Question 44

RER

Answer 44

respiratory exchange ratio

Question 45

RER is ratio of what

Answer 45

CO2 produced/O2 consumed

Question 46

what does RER tell us

Answer 46

indication of substrate use -aka what macronutrient we are using

Question 47

nomogram

Answer 47

indirect estimate of VO2 max

Question 48

regression equations

Answer 48

indirect estimate of VO2 max

Question 49

graded test

Answer 49

fitness test that uses multiple stages of increasing intensity to measure or estimate CR fitness

Question 50

single stage protocol

Answer 50

client exercises at 1 intensity + then the CR fitness is estimated from their performance

Question 51

can single stage protocol be for a max test

Answer 51

NO- only submax

Question 52

majority of metaolic carts used for VO2 analysis are open/closed-circuit spirometry

Answer 52

open -including the Parvo-medic cart used in lab

Question 53

**be able to do graphing method for FRQ

Question 54

graphing method gives us

Answer 54

relative VO2