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*EXAM 1 Exercise Prescription Lecture > *EXAM1- CV Assessments > Flashcards

*EXAM1- CV Assessments Flashcards

1
Q

VO2 max

A

rate of oxygen uptake during maximal aerobic exercise

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2
Q

VO2 max is the criterion measure for ____

A

CR fitness

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3
Q

Fick equation

A

VO2 = Q x a-VO2 difference

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4
Q

Q in Fick equation

A

cardiac output
-Q = HR x SV

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5
Q

what is the central component of VO2 max

A

cardiac output

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6
Q

what does better cardiac output mean

A

we can better pump blood to periphery

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7
Q

main thing that changes SV with training

A

plasma volume
-quick adaptation, within weeks

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8
Q

a-VO2 difference

A

difference in oxygen levels of the arteries + veins
-capillaries are found between arteries/veins + are where oxygen extractions occurs

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9
Q

what is the peripheral component of VO2 max

A

a-VO2 difference

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10
Q

a better a-VO2 difference means

A

we can better extract oxygen from environment

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11
Q

what are some things that can increase a-VO2 difference

A

-# mitochondria
-# capillaries
-# aerobic enzymes
-capillary usage
-myoglobin
-etc.

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12
Q

adaptations that increase cardiac output (which increases VO2 max)

A

increased:
-SNS activity
-norepinephrine
-Ca2+
-contractility
-plasma volume
-LV hypertrophy
-EDV (preload)
-SV
-muscle pump (contracting muscle)
-repsiratory pump (deeper breathing)
-venoconstriction (SNS)

decreased:
-constriction to active areas
-afterload

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13
Q

adaptations that increase a-VO2 difference (which increases VO2 max)

A

increased:
-SNS activity
-arterioles to inactive areas
-muscle blood flow
-autoregulation (vasodilation)
-capillary #
-capillary recruitment
-mitochondria
-oxidative enzymes
-myoglobin

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14
Q

how to convert from relative to absolute VO2

A

multiply x BW/1000

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15
Q

units for absolute VO2

A

L/min
-or mL/min

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16
Q

absolute VO2

A

-directly related to body size
-used to express energy expenditure in non-weight-bearing exercises

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17
Q

what is absolute VO2 good for

A

bioenergetics
-we find out how many calories a person is burning, indirect calorimetry

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18
Q

smaller/larger person will have a higher absolute VO2

A

larger

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19
Q

units for relative VO2

A

mL/kg/min

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20
Q

relative VO2 can be influenced by what

A

-changes in CV system
-changes in BW

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21
Q

relative VO2

A

-compared across individuals
-used to express energy expenditure in weight-bearing exercises

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22
Q

smaller/larger person would have a higher relative VO2

A

smaller

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23
Q

when evaluating CR fitness, we use relative/absolute VO2

A

relative

24
Q

the older an individual gets…lower/higher VO2

A

lower

25
Q

what must we do before we start testing

A

estimate maximal HR

26
Q

HR max equation

A

220 - age

27
Q

what is the only thing that chronically affects maximal HR

A

age

28
Q

exam question- if someone has bad balanace, which mode should they use

A

cycle ergometry

29
Q

when would we use arm ergometry

A

lower limb disability patients

30
Q

a-VO2 difference graph

A

plateau around 40-60% max effort

31
Q

SV graph

A

plateau around 40-60% max effort

32
Q

MAP graph

A

linear increase entire time

33
Q

DBP graph

A

stays the same

34
Q

SBP graph

A

linear increase

35
Q

when would a submaximal test be terminated

A

if it reaches 85% client’s HR max
-because no longer submax

36
Q

assumptions for submaximal testing

A

-linear relationship between HR + VO2 between 110-150 bpm

-HR from 2 workloads can be plotted against VO2 + used to extrapolate HR max; HR max is then used to estimate VO2 max

-HR max is similar for individuals of similar age

-steady state HR can be achieved in 3-4 min at the same workload

-equal mechanical efficiency for everyone at a given workload; same caloric expenditure + same absolute oxygen requirements

37
Q

what plateaus at 40-60%

A

SV
-after that, only HR will affect VO2

38
Q

general procedures for submaximal testing

A

-obtain resting HR + BP immediately before exercise in the exercising posture
-client should be familiarized with equipment being used
-2-3 min warm up
-HR should be monitored for each stage of exercise + should be at steady state
-steady state = within 5 bpm
-BP should be measured once per stage
-RPE should be monitored
-appropriate cool down should be initiated
-all physiological measurements should be continued for 5 min after test stops

39
Q

maximal testing

A

goes to volitional fatigue

40
Q

max or submax tests are more accurate

A

max

41
Q

if VO2 max isn’t reached…

A

we hit a peak

42
Q

PRIMARY criteria for determining if individual hit a VO2 max

A

plateau in VO2 with an increased intensity <150 mL/min

43
Q

if primary criteria for determining if individual hit a VO2 max isn’t reached…

A

2 of the criteria below must be reached to be considered a max

-post-exercise blood lactate > 8 mmol/L
-RER > 1.15
-reach max HR (220-age) +/- 10bpm
-RPE > 17

44
Q

RER

A

respiratory exchange ratio

45
Q

RER is ratio of what

A

CO2 produced/O2 consumed

46
Q

what does RER tell us

A

indication of substrate use
-aka what macronutrient we are using

47
Q

nomogram

A

indirect estimate of VO2 max

48
Q

regression equations

A

indirect estimate of VO2 max

49
Q

graded test

A

fitness test that uses multiple stages of increasing intensity to measure or estimate CR fitness

50
Q

single stage protocol

A

client exercises at 1 intensity + then the CR fitness is estimated from their performance

51
Q

can single stage protocol be for a max test

A

NO- only submax

52
Q

majority of metaolic carts used for VO2 analysis are open/closed-circuit spirometry

A

open
-including the Parvo-medic cart used in lab

53
Q

**be able to do graphing method for FRQ

A
54
Q

graphing method gives us

A

relative VO2

55
Q
A

*EXAM 1 Exercise Prescription Lecture (28 decks)

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