Exam questions Stuvia 2

Question 1

H13: Which of the following people has been binge eating?
a. Sasha, who eats two big plates of food at Thanksgiving and then asks for pie
b. Malcolm, who eats over 3,500 calories a day to bulk up for the football team
c. Vicki, who eats a half-gallon of ice cream in ten minutes without even tasting it
d. Rajesh, who eats six cheeseburgers at a cookout and then gets sick and vomits

Answer 1

C. Binge eating entails eating more than what most would eat in a certain time period, and feeling
a lack of control over eating it.

Question 2

H13: When is the most effective time to present an eating disorder prevention program to students?
a. when they are in elementary school
b. when they are in middle school
c. when they are starting high school
d. when they are midway through high school

Answer 2

C. The key age for eating disorder prevention efforts is 14

Question 3

H13: Assessing clients for potential eating disorders should focus on a combination of ________.
a. genetic and psychological factors
b. psychological and somatic factors
c. somatic and environmental factors
d. social and physiological factors

Answer 3

B. Due to the impact of eating disorders on physical health, assessing and diagnosing these
disorders requires evaluation of a complex mix of somatic and psychological symptoms.

Question 4

H13: Despite having an ideal body weight for her age, Yasmin constantly diets and exercises so she can
look like the contestants on her favorite fashion model reality TV competition.
Yasmin is reflecting which etiological model for eating disorders?
a. psychodynamic
b. biopsychosocial
c. physiological
d. sociocultural

Answer 4

D. Sociocultural models of eating disorders begin with the pervasive media presentation of people
with impossibly thin bodies and shapes

Question 5

H13: After taking a shower, thirteen-year-old Tony often stands in front of the full-length mirror in his
underwear. What is Tony most likely engaged in?
a. self-criticism
b. self-evaluation
c. self-satisfaction
d. self-approval

Answer 5

B. Many researchers say that the influence of media and society on body image and attitudes leads
young people to repeatedly evaluate their bodies; while they may feel satisfied or dissatisfied, they
must first engage in self-evaluation.

Question 6

H13: Which of the following is a key causal factor in the onset of an eating disorder?
a. parental criticism
b. life transition
c. peer rejection
d. family poverty

Answer 6

B. The onset of eating disorders is most common in early adolescence and late adolescence – two
key developmental transition points.

Question 7

H13: Which of the following is considered a primary factor in people whose eating disorder is an
addiction?
a. family
b. mood
c. culture
d. media

Answer 7

B. Based on comorbidity rates with substance abuse disorders, some researchers believe that
eating disorders are addictions, with food as a mood-altering substance.

Question 8

H13: In Cactus Tree High School, 20 of the boy students have an eating disorder. About how many of the
girl students have an eating disorder?
a. 15
b. 30
c. 35
d. 50

Answer 8

D. Girls are two and a half times as likely as boys to have an eating disorder.

Question 9

H13: Which of the following accurately reflects gender-based bodily changes that occur in adolescence?
a. boys: weight ↓, fat ↓
b. girls: weight ↓, fat ↑
c. boys: weight ↑, fat ↑
d. girls: weight ↑, fat ↑

Answer 9

D. During adolescence, girls gain an average of 38 pounds with associated increases in body fat
levels; boys gain more weight but have a decrease in body fat levels.

Question 10

H13: What tool would be most important during the first phase of the Maudsley model of family
therapy for eating disorders?
a. mood stabilizers
b. genetic profile
c. family diary
d. bathroom scale

Answer 10

D. The Maudsley model initially focuses exclusively on problems related to improving eating and
promoting weight gain.

Question 11

H14: Although she can’t feel it, the socioaffective circuitry of Robin’s brain has been changing since she
started middle school.
Which of the following has likely played the biggest role in this change?
a. her diet
b. her friends
c. her parents
d. the media

Answer 11

B. During adolescence, changes in the socioaffective circuitry of the brain are associated with the
increased salience and reward value of peers.

Question 12

H14: A cognitive test conducted to assess someone for a possible drug use disorder would focus on
which of the following?
a. rewards
b. memory
c. temperament
d. impulses

Answer 12

B. Cognitive assessments for substance abuse include tests of skills frequently impaired by drug
use, such as abstract thinking and memory.

Question 13

H14: Tremaine wants to get a football scholarship to an Ivy League college, so he stays focused on his
grades and staying healthy to put up good stats at his weekly games. But if there is big holiday or a
week without a game, he will enjoy downing a good number of beers and maybe a few shots with his
friends.
Which alcohol-use trajectory group does Tremaine fall into?
a. fling drinkers
b. binge drinkers
c. moderate drinkers
d. abstainers/light drinkers

Answer 13

A. Fling drinkers have time-limited periods of heavy use; although Tremaine’s experience may be
described as binge drinking, the term is not a formal trajectory group.

Question 14

H14: Which of the following accurately reflects the dynamic of ingestion and effect in someone who has
developed tolerance for a substance?
a. take less to feel less
b. take less to feel the same
c. take more to feel more
d. take more to feel the same

Answer 14

D. People who develop tolerance need to ingest higher and higher doses of a substance to achieve
the same effects on the central nervous system.

Question 15

H14: Looking back, Mahmoud began to understand that his son’s increasing episodes of paranoia and
violence were classic symptoms associated with the ________ period prior to his formal diagnosis of
schizophrenia.
a. tolerance
b. prodrome
c. withdrawal
d. syndrome

Answer 15

B. The prodrome is the period of time before the first episode of psychosis.

Question 16

H14: Which of the following accurately reflects the relationship of perceived risk and peer disapproval
of binge drinking over time from middle school through high school?
a. risk ↑, disapproval ↑
b. risk ↓, disapproval ↓
c. risk ↓, disapproval ↑
d. risk ↑, disapproval ↓

Answer 16

B. Perceptions of risk of binge drinking are highest in eighth grade, and decline through high school
as the rate of disapproval of binge drinking in upper grades declines.

Question 17

H14: After a period of regularly using cocaine, Javier developed a dependence on the drug. Which of the
following genetic factors likely contributed to Javier’s transition from regular recreational use to
dependence?
a. genes associated with risk taking
b. genes associated with novelty seeking
c. genes associated with drug metabolism
d. genes associated with subjective response

Answer 17

C. How a person metabolizes a substance can influence whether or not they shift from regular use
to dependence.

Question 18

H14: To be accepted by his soccer teammates at the new school, Drew accepted their challenge to
guzzle a six-pack of beer nonstop – which ended up making him violently ill.
What caused Drew to behave this way?
a. emotional regulation
b. incentive motivation
c. executive processing
d. psychological dependence

Answer 18

B. Incentive motivation can be observed when adolescents seek experiences in pursuit of reward
or positive reinforcement.

Question 19

H14: Many people oppose the legalization of recreational marijuana, because they believe it can lead
some users to seek out stronger highs from cocaine, heroin, or other drugs.
These people support which of the following?
a. social influence theory
b. common liability model
c. cascade model
d. gateway hypothesis

Answer 19

D. The gateway hypothesis proposes that use of alcohol or marijuana acts as a gateway to the use
of harder drugs.

Question 20

H14: As part of her initial assessment of Larry for a possible substance use disorder, Dr. Wang is
including some medical tests. In the test results, Dr. Wang will likely be looking for signs of ________.
a. hormonal deficiency
b. dosage tolerance
c. brain damage
d. genetic abnormalities

Answer 20

B. Medical evaluations are an important component of comprehensive assessments for substance
use disorders due to the presence of physiological complications such as tolerance and withdrawal.

Question 21

H8: Who is most likely to engage in maltreatment of their child?
a. Carmen, a 24-year-old mother living in a mobile home
b. Patrick, a 16-year-old father who lives in a housing project
c. DeShaun, a 19-year-old father who lives in a McMansion
d. Rachel, a 17-year-old mother living in a middle class suburb

Answer 21

B. The youngest and poorest caregivers display the most negative parenting strategies.

Question 22

H8: Which of the following will likely result in the most severe case of PTSD?
a. getting lost during a blizzard
b. watching one’s home burn down
c. being held hostage in a robbery
d. escaping a sinking ocean vessel

Answer 22

C. Trauma involving human perpetrators is associated with more severe and persistent PTSD.

Question 23

H8: A program designed to help prevent child maltreatment will likely emphasize which of the
following?
a. prenatal behaviors
b. family resilience
c. parenting strategies
d. financial responsibility

Answer 23

C. Because child maltreatment is usually caused by stressed parents, many prevention programs
emphasize parental education.

Question 24

H8: In assessing Rashid for PTSD following his return from active military duty, Dr. Lang noted that he is
reporting alterations in arousal and reactivity.
Which of Rashid’s symptoms fits this DSM-5 diagnostic criterion?
a. negative affect
b. flashbacks
c. social detachment
d. hypervigilance

Answer 24

D. Symptoms of alterations in arousal and reactivity include hypervigilance, temper tantrums,
exaggerated startle response, and reckless behavior.

Question 25

H8: After weeks of juggling two part-time jobs and trying to finish writing her dissertation while raising
her young son alone, Pamela had to schedule a massage because her muscles felt like one gigantic
tangled knot.
What term is best related to the cause of Pamela’s bodily tension?
a. antecedent regulation
b. allostatic load
c. coping mechanisms
d. toxic stress

Answer 25

B. Allostatic load refers to the wear and tear that occurs in the body and brain from trying to
maintain homeostasis in response to stressors.

Question 26

H8: Which of the following could be considered a “self-induced” cause of becoming a poly-victim of
maltreatment?
a. temperament
b. community
c. family
d. genetics

Answer 26

A. Although certainly not justifiable, children with a difficult temperament may incite family
members or peers to maltreat them.

Question 27

H8: Which of the following is the most common maladaptive strategy for coping with stress?
a. social referencing
b. social withdrawal
c. wishful thinking
d. instrumental action

Answer 27

C. “Escape” is the most common maladaptive family of coping strategies, of which wishful thinking
is one strategy.

Question 28

H8: Which of the following questions will be most effective when assessing a child for possible PTSD?
a. “Can you tell me what made you feel bad that day?”
b. “How did it make you feel to see people all bloody?”
c. “What did you think when people were screaming?”
d. “When you saw the explosion did you feel scared?”

Answer 28

D. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry considers specific, closed-ended
questions to be more effective in assessing children for PTSD than general, open-ended questions.

Question 29

H8: Monica knows that a group of tough high school girls hangs out at the corner of Second Street.
They always taunt her as she walks home from middle school, so Monica takes a longer route that
doesn’t pass by the girls.
Which term best describes Monica’s approach to coping in this situation?
a. response-focused regulation
b. positive stress response
c. antecedent regulation
d. avoidant stress response

Answer 29

C. Antecedent regulation is coping that anticipates a psychologically demanding event. Monica
expected teasing, so in bypassing the girls she is not exposed to the stressor and maintains
homeostasis

Question 30

H8: A person who has experienced a violent earthquake will be diagnosed with PTSD after exhibiting
a variety of DSM-5 symptoms for what period of time?
a. 1 week
b. 6 weeks
c. 9 months
d. 1 year

Answer 30

B. PTSD is diagnosed when a person exhibits symptoms from all five categories of the DSM-5
criteria for the disorder for more than one month.

Question 31

H10: Which of the following is a horizontal relationship?
a. a student and teacher
b. a brother and sister
c. a parent and child
d. a player and coach

Answer 31

B. Horizontal relationships are characterized by more egalitarian roles and shared control and
responsibility.

Question 32

H10: Which of the following is the common progression of externalizing disorders as proposed by Lahey
and Lorber?
a. ADHD > ODD > conduct disorder
b. ADHD > conduct disorder > ODD
c. ODD > conduct disorder > ADHD
d. ODD > ADHD > conduct disorder

Answer 32

A. These researchers proposed a model in which only children who have both ODD and ADHD
subsequently develop conduct disorder, with ADHD often preceding ODD.

Question 33

H10: Rosa is concerned over her son Jorge’s flippant attitude and sneaky behavior since he started
sophomore year at the new school. Her husband Leo tells her to relax, that Jorge is just being a kid
and will likely grow out of these behaviors and become more respectful and responsible.
Leo’s thinking reflects which model of conduct disorder?
a. covert-aggressive subtype
b. child-onset subtype
c. life-course trajectory
d. adolescence-limited trajectory

Answer 33

D. The adolescence-limited form of conduct disorder is somewhat less problematic over time than
the child-onset form, although there is still a risk for poor outcomes.

Question 34

H10: Decreased sensitivity to negative consequences is linked to what characteristic of oppositional
defiant disorder and conduct disorder?
a. being angry
b. taking risks
c. acting deceitful
d. breaking norms

Answer 34

B. Whether defying parents or breaking laws, the behaviors associated with ODD and conduct
disorder all involve some disregard for the risk of repercussions

Question 35

H10: Which of the following is a defining characteristic of bullying?
a. teasing
b. violence
c. repetition
d. adolescence

Answer 35

C. Definitions of bullying emphasize negative actions intended to hurt or harm that are repeated
over time and involve a power differential; a one-time episode of teasing or physical violence would
not be bullying.

Question 36

H10: Willow Glen is a large, suburban elementary school with 1,000 students. About how many of the
children have oppositional defiant disorder?
a. 90
b. 10
c. 200
d. 350

Answer 36

A. In community settings, prevalence of ODD ranges from 2 percent to 16 percent.

Question 37

H10: For a child to be diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder, the problematic behaviors must be
________.
a. harmful
b. illegal
c. sustained
d. immoral

Answer 37

C. ODD is a sustained pattern of anger, irritability, and defiant or vindictive behavior; the DSM-5
criteria require the symptoms to be exhibited for at least six months.

Question 38

H10: An adolescent who lacks a strong conscience reflects problems in which of the following childbased risk factors for ODD and conduct disorder?
a. genetics
b. temperament
c. behavior
d. cognition

Answer 38

B. Temperamental deficits in aspects of emotional reactivity could make it difficult for a child to
develop appropriate dimensions of conscience.

Question 39

H10: Moffat (2003) and Frick and Viding (2009) would say that, in many cases, the conduct disorder
behaviors newly exhibited by teenagers are ________.
a. precursors to illegal activities
b. an attempt to act “grown up”
c. signs of inattentive parenting
d. a retaliation for past bullying

Answer 39

B. For many with adolescent-onset conduct disorder, the behaviors reflect maladaptive efforts to
obtain a subjective sense of maturity and adult status.

Question 40

H10: Mrs. Nance always compliments Jackson on how well he shares during free-play time. She tells
the other kindergarten children to follow Jackson’s example. Mrs. Nance is trying to encourage the
children’s ________.
a. vertical relationships
b. peer contagion
c. self-regulation
d. prosocial behavior

Answer 40

C. Prosocial behavior benefits others, and in young children is demonstrated through cooperating
with parents and sharing with others.

Dan is het toch D??

Question 41

H6: According to the Flynn effect, over the past century children ________.
a. have developed more learning disorders
b. have become comparatively more intelligent
c. have displayed a decline in fluid intelligence
d. have shown higher rates of adaptive skills

Answer 41

B. The Flynn effect refers to the gradual increase in IQ scores that has been documented over
many decades.

Question 42

H6: In the context of intellectual developmental disorders, which of the following statements
regarding genotypes and phenotypes is true?
a. Genotype counteracts phenotype.
b. Phenotype causes genotype.
c. Genotype causes phenotype.
d. Phenotype counteracts genotype.

Answer 42

C. A child with a particular genetic etiology (genotype) is likely to display a particular pattern of
behavioral difficulties (phenotype).

Question 43

H6: Which of the following domains is NOT covered in the DSM-5 definition of specific learning
disorders?
a. speaking
b. writing
c. reading
d. math

Answer 43

A. Learning disorders address the acquisition of academic skills, and the DSM-5 describes the
domains of reading, written expression, and mathematics

Question 44

H6: Which of the following people has the lowest risk for developing serious physical health problems?
a. Kaya, who has Down syndrome
b. Sam, who has intellectual developmental disorder
c. Rajesh, who has Fragile X syndrome
d. Monique, who has Williams syndrome

Answer 44

B. Developmental disorders that have genetic etiologies are often associated with physical
problems, whereas most positive health outcomes occur in children with mild or moderate degrees
of intellectual developmental disorder.

Question 45

H6: To make the greatest impact on factors affecting intellectual development in children, Kenneth has
decided to focus his research work on ________.
a. genetic abnormalities
b. family economics
c. media exposure
d. maternal drug use

Answer 45

B. Poverty exerts negative effects on intellectual development through several mechanisms, and
can also suppress positive genetic influences on intelligence.

Question 46

H6: According to Edward Zigler, the key distinction between children who experience typical
intellectual development and children who have mild intellectual developmental disorder is
________.
a. the socioeconomic status of the caregivers
b. the functionality of related adaptive behaviors
c. the frequency of successful outcomes at adulthood
d. the pace of achieving developmental milestones

Answer 46

D. Zigler stated that children with mild intellectual developmental disorder exhibit the same
sequences and characteristics as other children, only more slowly.

Question 47

H6: Which of the following terms best reflects the concept of human intelligence?
a. multidimensional
b. universal
c. academic
d. memory-based

Answer 47

A. Gottfredson (1997) stated that intelligence reflects a broad capability for comprehending our
surroundings, and various models include aspects of reasoning and creativity.

Question 48

H6: Which child is most likely to have a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD?
a. Anne, who has mild intellectual development disorder
b. Serita, who has moderate intellectual development disorder
c. DeMarco, who has severe intellectual development disorder
d. Nolan, who has profound intellectual development disorder

Answer 48

A. In children with mild intellectual developmental disorder, problems such as anxiety and mood
disturbances, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are often
observed. Children with more severe forms of intellectual developmental disorder often present
autistic symptoms and self-injurious behaviors.

Question 49

H6: Shawn has been diagnosed with a learning disorder that affects his academic progress in math. In
which of the following core cognitive areas does Shawn likely have a deficit?
a. fine motor skills
b. executive function
c. rapid automatized naming
d. phonological awareness

Answer 49

B. For learning disorders related to mathematics, core cognitive deficits are observed in working
memory, executive functions, and language.

Question 50

H6: Jack often tells his son Robbie that although he gets straight A’s in school, he doesn’t seem to
have a drop of common sense.
In which area does Jack think his son excels?
a. practical intelligence
b. creative intelligence
c. crystallized intelligence
d. fluid intelligence

Answer 50

C. Crystallized intelligence is the skills and knowledge acquired through education and
experience.