Exam II - Phylum Sarcomastigophora Flashcards
What are the final hosts for Trypanosoma cruzi?
dogs, cats, & humans
How would you identify Trypanosoma cruzi?
trypomastigote in blood smear
trypomastigote in blood smear is elongated, spindle or leaf shaped, 20µm long
Which end would be the anterior end?
A
What is the common name of the condition caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
Chagas’ disease
What is/are the site(s) of infection for Trypanosoma cruzi?
cardiac & smooth muscle, blood
Where for Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes cause pathogenesis?
heart muscle
Which animals are most susceptible to Chagas’ disease?
puppies & kittens
What is the infective stage of Trypanosoma cruzi?
trypomastigote
Which diagnostic method(s) are used to diagnose Trypanosoma cruzi?
- blood smear
- xenodiagnosis
Describe the treatment options available for Trypanosoma cruzi
there is no satisfactory treatment known
What form of locomotion do both Giardia & Trypanosoma utilize?
pseudopodia and/or flagella
What is/are the host(s) for Giardia intestinalis?
dogs, cats, cattle
possibly humans?
Describe the appearance of Giardia intestinalis trophozoites
Trophozoites are 21 um long, teardrop, 2 nuclei, 8 flagella, face-like appearance
Describe the appearance of Giardia intestinalis cysts
Cysts are 12 um long, ovoid, 4 nuclei
Describe the life cycle of Giardia intestinalis
Trophozoites adhere to the small intestine and multiply asexually. After several replications, a trophozoite encysts. Cysts pass down the small intestine and are passed in the feces. These are the infective form.
Cysts survive for 2-4 weeks. PPP is 1-2 weeks.
What is the infective form of Giardia intestinalis?
cyst
What is the PPP for Giardia intestinalis?
1-2 weeks
What is/are the site(s) of infection for Giardia intestinalis?
Small intestine
Describe any pathogenesis associated with Giardia intestinalis
Many infections are asymptomatic. Trophozoites can cause an acute focal inflammation
What are some clinical signs associated with Giardia intestinalis?
Often none. Acute or chronic diarrhea
How would you diagnose Giardia intestinalis?
fecal smear will show cysts and/or trophozoites; fecal flotation with zinc sulphate; ELISA
What are some treatment & prevention options with Giardia intestinalis?
parasiticides (benzimidazoles) and good hygeine. There are, however, no approved treatments in the USA.
Describe the appearance of the Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote
Trypomastigote in blood smear is elongated, spindle or leaf shaped, 20 um long, with nucleus near middle of its length, posterior end pointed
How do trypanosomes enter the body?
oral, nasal, conjunctival mucosae or by infectious bug feces rubbed into skin abrasions
