Exam 4: Reproductive Flashcards
this part of the sperm contains the nucleus and chromosomes, including the enzymes essential to fertilization
head
GnRH stimulates the AP to release which hormones?
FSH and LH
this part of the sperm contains mitochondria
mid piece
where are sperm produced?
seminiferous tubules
where are sperm stored and matured?
epididymis
what is the pathway of sperm in ejaculation after leaving the epididymis?
vas deferens to ejaculatory duct to urethra
what is released during ovulation?
the secondary oocyte
which cells make testosterone?
Leydig cells
most common site of fertilization
fallopian tubes
what are the 2 zones of the endometrium of the uterus?
stratum basalis and functionalis
what are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?
menstrual, proliferative, secretory
middle muscle layer of uterus; contracts to expel baby at birth
myometrium
when does spermatogenesis begin?
at puberty
regulates temperature for spermatogenesis
scrotum
outer connective tissue layer of uterus
perimetrium
narrow bottom region of uterus
cervix
this produces mucus to lubricate the glans penis, and it neutralizes acid in the urethra
bulbourethral gland
what triggers ovulation?
high LH levels
what does the corpus luteum secrete?
estrogen and progesterone
at what point in the ovarian cycle does ovulation occur?
halfway, between follicular and luteal
why does semen have a high pH?
to neutralize female tract
which zone of the endometrium of the uterus undergoes cyclical changes?
stratum functionalis
when does bleeding start?
beginning of follicular phase (Day 1)
what hormones are produced by the ovaries?
estrogen and progesterone
this part of the male sexual response is under parasympathetic control
erection
menstrual phase: occurs as a result of decline in estrogen and progesterone when corpus luteum degenerates; endometrium is sloughed
menstrual
organs that produce gametes and hormones
gonads
when does oogenesis begin?
before birth
after ovulation, what does the remaining follicle become?
a corpus luteum
menstrual phase: occurs while ovaries are in luteal phase; secretion of progesterone stimulates development of uterine glands; endometrium could nourish a growing embryo
secretory
what releases gonadotropin releasing hormone?
hypothalamus
what causes menopauses?
changes in ovaries
what produces about 30% of semen volume?
prostate gland
what does FSH stimulate?
estrogen and follicle development
structures that wrap around the ovaries and catch the oocyte after ovulation
fimbriae
what produces about 60% of semen volume?
seminal vesicles
secrete fluids into ducts
accessory glands
characterized by increasing levels of estrogen production, reaching a high around Day 12; initiated by FSH, which will stimulate production of LH
follicular phase
after ovulation, LH stimulates the ruptured follicle to become a corpus luteum; shuts down follicle development to prevent further ovulation
luteal phase
what are the 3 phases of the ovaries?
follicular, ovulation, luteal
collectively known as external genitalia
perineal structures
inner layer of uterus where embryo implants and develops
endometrium
when does the corpus luteum degenerate?
at the end of the luteal phase
site of embryonic development
uterus
structures that receive and transport gametes
ducts
which type of cell reproduction results in cells with 23 chromosomes?
meiosis
what stimulates testosterone secretion?
LH
menstrual phase: occurs while ovary is in the follicular phase; increasing levels of estrogen stimulate growth of the endometrium
proliferative
a sperm count of less than 20 million (considered less fertile)
oligospermia
which hormone triggers spermatogenesis?
FSH
what are the cell layers of a follicle, from innermost to outermost?
corona radiata and zona pellucida
